Fossils

Question 1

Study of past life

Answer 1

Paleontology

Question 2

Evidence of organisms that lived in the past.
They may be actual remains like burrows, nests, and
dinosaurs’ footprints or even the ripples created in our
prehistoric shore.

Answer 2

Fossils

Question 3

The process of becoming a fossil.

Answer 3

Fossilization

Question 4

Small organisms or
past trapped in amber, hardened plant sap is being
observed.

Answer 4

Unaltered Preservation

Question 5

Forms a rock-like fossil

Answer 5

Permineralization/Petrification

Question 6

The organic
contents of bone and wood are filled by –, –, –.

Answer 6

Silica, Calcite, Pyrite

Question 7

Hard parts are dissolved and replaced by other minerals, like calcite, silica, pyrite, or iron.

Answer 7

Replacement

Question 8

Other elements are ionized and only the carbon remained.

Answer 8

Carbonization/Coalification

Question 9

The hard parts are converted
into more stable minerals or small crystals turned into larger crystals.

Answer 9

Recrystallization

Question 10

Molds and casts are
formed after most of the organisms have been
destroyed or dissolved.

Answer 10

Authigenic Preservation

Question 11

Fossils in which minerals replace all or part of an organism.

Answer 11

Petrified Fossils

Question 12

Most common type of fossil.
Both copy the shape of the organism.

Answer 12

Molds and Casts

Question 13

Hollow area of sediment in the shape of the organism.

Answer 13

Mold

Question 14

Is a copy of the shape of an organism.

Answer 14

Casts

Question 15

Leaves extremely thin coating of carbon film outline
on rock.

Answer 15

Carbonization-Carbon Films

Question 16

Fossilized mark that is formed in soft sediment by the movement or actions of an animal.

Answer 16

Trace Fossil

Question 17

Preservation of remains
with little or no change.

Answer 17

Preserved Remains

Question 18

It states that sediment
layers are deposited in
sequence – the lowest
stratum (or layer) are
always the oldest while the
layers above it are younger.

Answer 18

Principle of Superposition

Question 19

Deformation in the strata
like folds, faults and
igneous intrusions that cut
across rocks are younger
than the rocks that they
cut across.

Answer 19

Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships

Question 20

It states that strata are
originally deposited in a
horizontal manner.

Answer 20

Principle of Original Horizontality

Question 21

It states that sediment layers
are spread out continuously
in all directions.

Answer 21

Principle of Lateral Continuity

Question 22

States that any rock fragments that are included in rock must be older than the rock in which they are included.

Answer 22

Principle of Inclusion

Question 23

States that rock layers that contain fossils can be used to identify and correlate rocks.

Answer 23

Principle of Faunal Succession

Question 24

Does not tell the exact age: only compare fossils as older or younger, depends on their position in rock layer

Answer 24

Relative Dating

Question 25

Refers to a soil layers in a deposit accumulate on top of one another, and that the bottom layers will be older than the top layers.

Answer 25

Stratigraphy

Question 26

Determines the actual age of the fossil.

Answer 26

Absolute Dating

Question 27

Are atoms of the same element but with different numbers of neutrons

Answer 27

Isotopes

Question 28

Process in which the decay of an atom of an isotope result in a change in the number of protons and the formation of a new element.

Answer 28

Radioactive Decay

Question 29

Is a method of absolute dating using carbon-14 for fossils, bones, and wood up to 75 000 years old.

Answer 29

Radio Carbon

Question 30

Is a method of determining the time of origin of rocks measuring the ratio of radioactive argon to radioactive potassium in the rock.

Answer 30

Potassium-Argon Dating