fossils

Question 1

a body of sediment with distinctive physical, chemical, and biological attributes

Answer 1

sedimentary facies

Question 2

sea level rose with respect to the land

Answer 2

marine transgression

Question 3

when sea level fell with respect to the continent and the environments that paralleled the shoreline migrated seaward

Answer 3

marine regression

Question 4

another aspect of this is that the rocks making up each facies become younger in landward direction

Answer 4

marine transgression

Question 5

this holds that the facies seen in a conformable vertical sequence will also replace one another laterally

Answer 5

walther’s law

Question 6

he recognized that the facies seen in a conformable vertical
sequence will also replace one another
laterally, year of birth and death?

Answer 6

johannes walther, 1860-1937

Question 7

true or false, walther’s law can be applied to rocks above and below an unconformity

Answer 7

false, unconformities are unrelated and law does not apply

Question 8

what are the 3 causes of marine transgression and regression

Answer 8

uplift and subsidence
amount of water frozen in glaciers
rates of seafloor spreading

Question 9

it is the scientific study of fossils

Answer 9

paleontology

Question 10

5 favorable conditions for fossilization

Answer 10

1. possession of hard parts like exoskeleton, bones, nails, and tooth
2. rapid burial
3. availability of finer sediments and undisturbed conditions of sedimentation
4. presence of highly mineralized groundwater
5. calm water, little oxygen (anoxic environments)

Question 11

these are the remains or traces of prehistoric organisms preserved in rocks

Answer 11

fossils

Question 12

which rocks are these remains or traces are commonly found

Answer 12

sedimentary rocks

Question 13

3 uses of fossils

Answer 13

1. determine the relative ages of strata
2. for determining environments of
   deposition
3. constitute some of the evidence for the
   theory of evolution

Question 14

type of fossil that are the skeletal parts, shells, bones and teeth

Answer 14

body fossils

Question 15

type of fossil that indicates organic activity such as tracks, trails, burrows, nests, and feces or coprolites

Answer 15

trace fossils

Question 16

original composition and preserved structures of body fossils

Answer 16

unaltered remains

Question 17

bones, insects preserved in asphalt-like substance at oil seeps

Answer 17

preservation in tar

Question 18

one chemical replaces another, e.g. pyrite replaces calcium carbonate of shells

Answer 18

replacement

Question 19

large ice age mammals frozen in sediment

Answer 19

freezing

Question 20

a cavity with the shape of a bone or shell

Answer 20

mold

Question 21

this happens when a cavity with a shape of a bone or shells gets filled by minerals or sediments

Answer 21

casts

Question 22

change in crystal structure, e.g. aragonite in shells recrystallizes as calcite

Answer 22

recrystallization

Question 23

air drying and shriveling of soft tissues

Answer 23

mummification

Question 24

leaves, insects, and small reptiles trapped and preserved in hardened tree resin

Answer 24

preservation in amber

Question 25

change in composition and or structure of original material of body fossils

Answer 25

altered remains

Question 26

addition of minerals to pores and cavities in shells and bones

Answer 26

permineralization

Question 27

volatile elements lost from organic matter leaving a carbon film

Answer 27

carbonization

Question 28

who is the old frozen wooly mammoth

Answer 28

Lyuba

Question 29

how many years were the wooly mammoth fossilized

Answer 29

40,000

Question 30

where was the 30-35 days old wooly mammoth found

Answer 30

yamal peninsula in russia

Question 31

where was the 7-8 months old mammoth found

Answer 31

NE Siberia

Question 32

who is the 7-8 months old mammoth

Answer 32

dima

Question 33

who is the best preserved mammoth fossil in the world

Answer 33

Lyuba

Question 34

this happens when a animal dies in a dry, protected location, like an arid cave and its remains dried out

Answer 34

mummification

Question 35

other term for the drying out of animal remains

Answer 35

desiccation

Question 36

a tail of this dinosaur was found nestled inside a small chunk of amber

Answer 36

coelorosaurs

Question 37

how old was this amber

Answer 37

99 million year old

Question 38

what was the color of this small chunk of amber

Answer 38

golden

Question 39

this can preserve an organism’s skin and soft tissues, which fossilization in sediment usually can’t

Answer 39

desiccation

Question 40

this is the result of petroleum seep where subterranean bitumen leaks to the surface

Answer 40

tar pit, asphalt pit, or asphalt lake

Question 41

a petroleum seep that can be found in LA california

Answer 41

la brea tar pits

Question 42

this happens when animals gets trapped in the sticky residue of a petroleum seep for

Answer 42

tar preservation

Question 43

this is the process of turning living organic material into stone

Answer 43

petrification

Question 44

this happens when the pores of the plant materials, bones, and shells are impregnated by mineral matter from the ground, lakes, or ocean.

Answer 44

permineralization

Question 45

this takes place when water dissolves the original hard parts and replaces them with mineral matter .

Answer 45

replacement

Question 46

this is a process by which the more volatile substances of plants and animals decay, but leave behind the carbon.

Answer 46

carbonization

Question 47

this is an example of the process by which the more volatile substances of plants and animals decay, but leave behind the carbon.

Answer 47

metasequoia leaves of the tranquille shale of british columbia

Question 48

An organism will lie in sediment until the surrounding sediment becomes firm. Later the organism dissolves away. If there is no infilling of the cavity with mineral, sand or clay this is called?

Answer 48

natural mold

Question 49

The outside of the mold, which would have been the outer surface of the animal, is referred to as?

Answer 49

external mold

Question 50

The inside surface of the mold is referred to as?

Answer 50

internal mold

Question 51

other term for trace fossils

Answer 51

ichnofossils

Question 52

fossilized feces that may provide information about the diet and size of the animal that produced it

Answer 52

coprolite

Question 53

these type of trace fossils forms in soft sediments

Answer 53

burrows

Question 54

these are type of trace fossils that are made by organisms into hard substrate

Answer 54

borings

Question 55

what do you call the fossilized stomach stones

Answer 55

gastroliths

Question 56

these fossilized stomach stones were found inside the stomach of?

Answer 56

elasmosaur

Question 57

These are fossils sites from which exception fossils come, with many fossils exhibiting extraordinary quality and completeness of preservation and/or a wide diversity of fauna and/or flora

Answer 57

lagerstätten

Question 58

what are the two major types of lagerstätten

Answer 58

Konzentrat-Lagerstätten Konservat-Lagerstätten

Question 59

who proposed lagerstätten

Answer 59

adolph seilacher

Question 60

these are unusually well-preserved fossils, and these are generally thought of by the term “lagerstätten”

Answer 60

Konservat-Lagerstätten

Question 61

this has anomalously high amounts of fossil material that are possibly by decreased rate of sedimentation, increased rate of organism reposition, and increased rate of organismal death

Answer 61

Konzentrat-Lagerstätten

Question 62

a fossil-bearing deposit exposed in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada

Answer 62

burgess shale

Question 63

a ~20 cm Enatiornithine Bird preserved in ventral view on a single slab

Answer 63

sulcavis geeorum

Question 64

it contains multiple exceptionally preserved baby psittacosaurus dinosaurs that were buried alive by an ancient volcanic debris flow

Answer 64

babysitter bone bed

Question 65

these are small, fossilized remains of organisms (animal, plant, or protozoa) that require magnification for study.

Answer 65

microfossils

Question 66

Fossils larger than 2 mm are generally referred to as?

Answer 66

macrofossils

Question 67

these are tiny teeth-like apparatuses belonging to an extinct, worm like, marine organisms.

Answer 67

conodonts