Fotosintese Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is a process where radiant energy is converted into chemical energy. It’s a process where plants make their own food.
What are the necessary components for photosynthesis?
The necessary components for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), radiant energy (sunlight), chlorophyll, and enzymes.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
The products of photosynthesis are oxygen (O2) released into the air and glucose.
What makes it possible for plants to photosynthesize?
Green plants contain chloroplasts which hold the green pigment, chlorophyll. Processes of photosynthesis all happen within the chloroplast.
Why do plants photosynthesize?
Plants photosynthesize to make their own food (Autotrophs) and food for other organisms (Heterotrophs). All living organisms need energy to live.
Do plants only photosynthesize during the day?
Plants do not just photosynthesize during the day. The majority of the process happens during the day, and the rest happens during the night.
What are the two main processes of photosynthesis?
The two main processes of photosynthesis are the Light-Phase (Light Dependent Reaction) and the Dark-Phase (Light Independent Reaction/Calvin Cycle).
Where does the Light-Phase of photosynthesis take place?
The Light-Phase takes place in the grana (thylakoids) of chloroplasts.
What happens during the Light-Phase?
During the Light-Phase, chlorophyll in the grana absorbs radiant energy. Radiant energy is then converted into chemical energy. This chemical energy is used for two processes: splitting water (H2O) molecules into energy-rich Hydrogen (H) atoms and Oxygen (O) atoms (Photolysis), and forming ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) for later use in the Dark-Phase.
What is Photolysis?
Photolysis is the process during the light-dependent phase where water molecules are split into hydrogen and oxygen using sunlight. Photo means light and lysis means to cut or break up.
What is ATP?
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is an energy carrier in a cell. It is a source of energy (releases energy) and stores energy. ATP is formed from one adenosine molecule and three phosphate molecules.
What happens when energy is needed from ATP?
When energy is needed, ATP breaks down into ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) + P (phosphate), releasing energy.
Where does the Oxygen produced during the Light-Phase go?
The oxygen is given off in the form of gas. This is where animals get oxygen to breathe and respire.
What happens to the Hydrogen produced during the Light-Phase?
The hydrogen joins with a hydrogen acceptor called NADP to form NADPH. NADPH then delivers the hydrogen to the light independent phase at night. The hydrogen also gives off a very excitable electron.
What happens to the electron from the Hydrogen during the Light-Phase?
The electron from the hydrogen is used in a process called photophosphorylation, where an ADP molecule has a phosphate added to it to produce ATP. Photophosphorylation uses light to attach a phosphate.
What are the products of the Light Dependent Phase?
The products of the Light Dependent Phase are NADPH, which carries hydrogen, and ATP, which carries energy. These substances are carried into the next phase, the Calvin Cycle.
Where does the Dark-Phase (Calvin Cycle) take place?
The Dark-Phase (Calvin Cycle) takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast. The stroma is the liquidy filling inside of a chloroplast.
Does the Dark-Phase require light?
No light is essential for the Dark-Phase. This phase mostly happens at night time or when there are low levels of light.
What is the purpose of the Dark-Phase?
The Dark-Phase builds the product of photosynthesis, glucose.
What happens at the beginning of the Calvin Cycle?
The Calvin Cycle starts with a substance called ribulose biphosphate (RuBP), which has five carbons. Carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere joins with it.
What is formed when CO2 combines with RuBP?
When CO2 combines with RuBP, an unstable six-carbon compound is formed. This six-carbon compound is not glucose.
What happens to the unstable six-carbon compound?
The unstable six-carbon compound automatically breaks down into two identical molecules called PGAs, each with three carbons.
How does PGA become glucose?
PGA molecules use energy from ATP and hydrogen from NADPH (produced in the Light-Phase) to become a substance called PGAL. Some of these PGAL molecules can become glucose.
