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Esthetician > Foundation Chapter 6: Chemistry > Flashcards

Foundation Chapter 6: Chemistry Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Any substance that occupies space and has mass(weight)

A

Matter

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2
Q

The science that deals with the composition, structures and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions

A

Chemistry

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3
Q

All matter has physical and chemical properties and exist in the form of a..

A

Solid liquid or gas

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4
Q

Is the simplest form of chemical matter and contains only one type of atom

A

Element

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5
Q

How many elements are noon to science today?

A

118

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6
Q

How many elements occur naturally on earth? 

A

98

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7
Q

Are the basic unit of matter, with a nucleus at the center surrounded by negatively charged electrons that move around the nucleus in orbits.

A

Atoms

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8
Q

What cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means?

A

Atoms

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9
Q

Is the chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite propositions

A

Molecule

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10
Q

A molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element

A

Elemental molecule

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11
Q

Are chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proposition

A

Compound molecules

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12
Q

Is a change in the form of physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction

A

Physical change

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13
Q

Is a change in the chemical composition or make up of a substance

A

Chemical change

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14
Q

Is a physical combination of matter in any property; you have to keep mixing

A

Physical mixture

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15
Q

Is a stable uniform mixture of two or more substances

A

Solution

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16
Q

Is the substance that is dissolved in a solution

A

Solute

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17
Q

Is the substance that dissolves the solute and makes the solution

A

Solvent

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18
Q
  • The base of a solution is going to mostly be a…

- like..

A

Solvent

Like..water

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19
Q

Is known as the universal solvent because it has the ability to dissolve more substances than any other solvent

A

Water

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20
Q

Liquids are mutually soluble meaning they can be mixed together to form solutions; when mixed they stay together

A

Miscible

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21
Q

Liquids are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

A

Immiscible

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22
Q

Are unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid

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A

Suspensions

23
Q

Is an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances

24
Q

Is an ingredient that brings to normally compatible materials together in bind them into a uniform and fairly stable mixture

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A

Emulsifier

25
Are substances that allow oil and water to mix or emulsify
Surfactants
26
- The head of the surfactant molecule is.. | - Which likes…
Hydrophilic | Water
27
- The tail of the surfactant molecule is | - Which likes…
Lipophilic | Likes oil
28
Refers to how prolonged, repeated or long-term exposure to certain product ingredients can cause sensitivity and some people
Overexposure
29
PH is an abbreviation of
Potential hydrogen
30
Is an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge
Ion
31
Is the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
Ionization
32
Only products that contain this can have a pH
Water
33
Is used to measure the acidity in alkalinity of substances. It has a range of 0 to 14
Ph scale
34
A PH of__is a neutral solution
7
35
A pH below seven indicates in…
Acidic solution
36
A pH above seven indicates an
Alkaline solution
37
Because the pH scale is a________scale a change of one whole number represents a_______change in PH.
Logarithmic | Tenfold
38
A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solution.
Thioglycolic acid
39
Is an alpha hydroxy asset used in exfoliation and solar the pH of products
Glycolic Acid
40
Also known as bases, owe their chemical reactivity to the hydroxide ion.
Alkalis
41
Commonly known as lye, is a very strong alkali used in chemical hair relaxers, callous softeners, and drain cleaners
Sodium hydroxide
42
Occurs when an acid is mixed with an alkali In equal proportions, balancing the total PH and forming water and salt
Acid-Alkali neutralization reaction
43
Also known as a redox; is a chemical reaction in which oxidization and re-duction take place at the same time
Oxidization-reduction
44
Is a substance that releases oxygen
Oxidizing agent
45
Is the substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound
Reducing agent
46
Manufactures of chemicals that are registered with either the___or___ are held to strict standards for their labels
EPA | FDA
47
It is vital that you always follow label instructions to avoid
Dangerous and painful situations
48
Meaning that they should not be mixed or even store near each other
Incompatible
49
Because many of these chemicals become more dangerous as they decompose____ or ___ used container should not be transported at all
Opened | Partially
50
When storing chemicals next to each other it is critical to know how the two would….
React if they somehow came into contact with each other
51
Requires employees be notified of any chemical in the workplace that could be hazardous
The OSHA hazard communication standard
52
Is a substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer
Carcinogen
53
Material is capable of igniting and burning
Combustible

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