Foundation Chemistry

Question 1

Describe the structure of an atom

Answer 1

The basic unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus contains protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutral), while electrons (negatively charged) orbit around the nucleus in energy levels.

Question 2

Describe the structure of a monoatomic ion

Answer 2

An ion consisting of a single atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge.

Question 3

What is a element

Answer 3

A pure substance made of only one type of atom.

Question 4

What’s the electron arrangement connection to their position on the periodic table

Answer 4

The position of an element reflects its atomic number and electron configuration.
Rows (Periods): Indicate the number of electron shells.
Columns (Groups): Show elements with similar properties due to the same number of valence electrons.

Question 5

Describe how monoatomic ions form by loss or gain of electrons

Answer 5

Loss of Electrons: An atom loses electrons, becoming a positively charged ion (cation)
Gain of Electrons: An atom gains electrons, becoming a negatively charged ion (anion)

Question 6

Relate the charge of monoatomic ions to the position of elements in the periodic table for group 1

Answer 6

Group 1 (Alkali Metals): Form +1 cations by losing one electron

Question 7

Relate the charge of monoatomic ions to the position of elements in the periodic table for group 2

Answer 7

Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals): Form +2 cations by losing two electrons

Question 8

Relate the charge of monoatomic ions to the position of elements in the periodic table for group 13

Answer 8

Group 13: Often form +3 cations

Question 9

Relate the charge of monoatomic ions to the position of elements in the periodic table for group 17

Answer 9

Group 17 (Halogens): Form -1 anions by gaining one electron

Question 10

Relate the charge of monoatomic ions to the position of elements in the periodic table for group 16

Answer 10

Group 16: Typically form -2 anions by gaining two electrons

Question 11

Does the name of a positive ion change

Answer 11

no, it stays the same

Question 12

Does the name of a negative ion change

Answer 12

yes, it adds -ide at the end

Question 13

What is ionic bonding

Answer 13

A chemical bond is formed when one atom transfers electrons to another, creating oppositely charged ions. Metals lose electrons to become cations (positively charged), while nonmetals gain electrons to become anions (negatively charged). The electrostatic attraction between these ions creates a strong bond, creating ionic compounds

Question 14

How to balance a formula

Answer 14

Make sure there is an equal amount of each ion on both sides, leave hydrogen and oxygen ions until last