Foundational Concepts Flashcards

(54 cards)

1
Q

Common reasons people seek physical therapy?

A

prevention and wellness-to improve overall level of fitness
movement disorders-caused by injury, disease or health-related conditions
physical impairments-^

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2
Q

systematic planned performance of bodily movements, postures, or physical activities

A

therapeutic exercise

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3
Q

what must all therapeutic exercises programs be?

A

INDIVIDUALIZED

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4
Q

goals of a therapeutic exercise program

A

prevent or improve impairments
enhance physical function
prevent or reduce health-related risk factors
improve overall health

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5
Q

the ability to maintain or move the body against gravity within the available BOS without falling

A

balance

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6
Q

the ability to perform moderate intensity, repetitive, total body movements over an extended period of time (walking, biking)

A

cardio-pulmonary fitness

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7
Q

performing effective, guided, graded movements using the proper timing and sequencing of muscle firing and contraction intensity

A

coordination

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8
Q

the ability to move freely without restrictions

A

flexibility

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9
Q

the ability of the body (or body parts) to move to allow ROM for function activities

A

mobility

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10
Q

the capacity of muscles to produce tension to do physical work

A

muscle performance

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11
Q

the interaction of the sensory and motor systems to control the body in response to proprioceptive or kinesthetic information

A

neuromuscular control

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12
Q

static balance

A

no moving

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13
Q

dynamic balance

A

moving (reaching outside the BOS)

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14
Q

the ability of the neuromuscular system to hold a body segment in a stationary position against resistance

A

stability

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15
Q

who are the first people we need to ensure safety of?

A

the patient and the therapist

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16
Q

factors influencing patient safety during exercise

A
health history
current health status
tolerance to physical exertion
meds
environment
accuracy in which the ex's are performed
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17
Q

teaching the patient to do something and then having them be able to do it on their own (eventually)

A

motor learning

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18
Q

involves acquisition of the ability to carry out a skill

A

performance

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19
Q

involves acquisition and retention

A

learning

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20
Q

discrete skill

A

has a beginning and end and it is more important to grasp these ideas
ex: lifting and lowering a weight, kicking a ball, doing a push up

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21
Q

serial task

A

made up of a series of discrete movements combined in a particular sequence
ex: eating with a fork, pitching, getting dressed

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22
Q

continuous task

A

repetitive, uniterrupted movements that have no distant beginning or ending
ex: walking, cycling, swimming

23
Q

cognitive stage

A

when the patient is learning how to do the motor task safely and correctly
frequent feedback is needed

24
Q

associative stage

A

patient is concentrating on fine tuning the motor task and should be able to self correct

25
autonomous stage
movements are automatic for the patient and there is little to no instruction needed
26
variables effecting motor learning
prepractice practice feedback
27
pre-practice
the patients understanding of the purpose of the exercise, their interest, their attention
28
practice
repeatedly performing a movement or series of movements in a task
29
Practice: Part vs. Whole
Discrete vs. Serial - some patients may do better if you teach them the serial task at the beginning and some may learn better if you teach them the discrete task at the beginning
30
Practice: Blocked
segment by segment (you have to perfect this before you can do this - muscle memory)
31
Practice: Random
learn the discrete tasks regardless of what sequence it occurs in - more adaptability
32
Feedback
intrinsic - the patient themselves | augmented - the therapist
33
knowledge of performance vs. knowledge of results
how well you did the specific task vs. how am i doing with my end goal
34
variables affecting adherance
pts characteristics pts health condition or impairments program related variables
35
inflammation of a joint
arthritis
36
limitation of a joint without inflammation
arthrosis
37
characteristics of RA
``` periods of exacerbation and remission morning stiffness in and around the joints lasting at least 1 hr before maximal improvement at least 3 joint areas swelling in the wrist, MCP, or PIP joints symmetrical arthritis rheumatoid nodules serum rheumatoid factor radiographic changes including erosions (must have at least 4 of 7) ```
38
characteristics of OA
chronic degenerative disease disorder mainly affecting articular cartilage of synovial joints pain at rest stiffness after inactivity pain with mechanical stress of excessive activity
39
a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain that covers half the body and lasts for more than 3 months
fibromyalgia (rule out disease)
40
characteristics of FM
``` 11 of 18 tender points poor sleep morning stiffness no referred patterns of pain fatigue ```
41
myofascial pain syndrome
chronic regional pain
42
characteristics of myfascial pain syndrome
trigger points in muscle referred patterns of pain tight band of muscles
43
disease of the bone that leaves to decreased mineral content and weakening of the bone 80% are females
osteoporosis
44
fractures are identified by:
``` site extent configuration relationship of the fragments relationship to the environment complications ```
45
children with fractures heal within:
4-6 weeks
46
adolescents with fractures heal within:
6-8 weeks
47
adults with fractures heal within:
10-18 weeks
48
bone healing following a fracture goes in this order:
inflammation soft callus hard callus remodeling
49
Grade 1 Tissue Injury
mild pain within 1st 24 hours | mild swelling, local tenderness, and pain when tissue is stressed
50
Grade 2 Tissue Injury
mod pain that requires stopping activity stress and palpation of tissue greatly increase pain results in increased joint mobility in ligamentous injury
51
Grade 3 Tissue Injury
near complete tissue tear or avulsion with severe pain | stress to tissue is usually painless
52
Acute Stage of tissue response
day 1-6 movement is painful during ROM inflammed involves cellular, vascular, and chemical responses in the tissue during 1st 48 hours vascular changes predominate
53
Subacute Stage of tissue response
days 3-20, may last up to 6 weeks pain at the end of available ROM inflammation begins to decrease repair begins
54
Chronic Stage of tissue Response
may last 6 months to a year; usually day 9 and on maturation and remodeling of tissue a lot of fibroblasts at this stage