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Rapid Fire Facts: High Yield DIT > foundations 2 > Flashcards

foundations 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

most common thyroid cancer

A

papillary thyroid carcinoma

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2
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei “orphan annie eyes”

A

papillary thyroid carcinoma

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3
Q

standard treatment for DKA

A

IV fluid
IV insulin
K+ replacement

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4
Q

standard treatment for type 1 DM

A

insulin

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5
Q

standard treatment for type 2 DM

A

low carb diet + weight loss
oral hypoglycemic pill (metformin - DOC)
insulin

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6
Q

most common cause of hypercalcemia

A

1° hyperparathyroidism

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7
Q

most common cause of 1° hyperparathyroidism

A

parathyroid adenoma

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8
Q

most common cause of 2° hyperparathyroidism

A

chronic renal failure: ↓Ca

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9
Q

most common cause of hypoparathyroidism

A

parathyroidectomy

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10
Q

facial muscle spasm when tapping cheek

A

Chvostek sign: hypocalcemia

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11
Q

parathyroid, pancreatic, pituitary tumors

A

MEN 1

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12
Q

preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation

A

heparin or LMWH

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13
Q

preferred anticoagulant for long-term anticoagulation

A

warfarin

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14
Q

preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy

A

heparin or LMWH

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15
Q

lab test to monitor heparin or warfarin

A

heparin: PTT
warfarin: PT/INR

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16
Q

causes of hypochromic microcytic anemia

A

IDA
thalassemias
lead poisioning

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17
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia: B9 (folate) or B12

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18
Q

skull xray: “hair on end” appearance

A

beta thalassemia

sickle cell disease

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19
Q

basophilic stippling of RBC

A

lead poisioning

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20
Q

painful cyanosis of fingers and toes with hemolytic anemia

A

cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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21
Q

red urine in morning + fragile RBCs

A

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

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22
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell Jolly Bodies - after splenectomy

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23
Q

autosplectomy

A

sickle cell disease

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24
Q

drug used to treat sickle cell disease

A

hydroxyurea

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25
fever + night sweats + weight loss
B symptoms of lymphoma or TB
26
antiplatelet antibodies
immune thrombocytopenia
27
bleeding disorder with gpIb deficiency
Bernard-Soulier syndrome
28
most common inherited bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disorder
29
cancer most commonly associated with a noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
30
sheets of lymphoid cells with "starry sky" appearance
Burkitt lymphoma
31
large B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominent "owl eye inclusions"
Hodgkin lymphoma
32
elevated uric acid
gout Lesh-Nyhan syndrome myeloproliferative diseases diuretics: loop, thiazides
33
pseudopalisading tumor cell arrangement
glioblastoma: most common 1° brain tumor in adults
34
inherited defect in tubular amino acid transporter
cystinuria | Hartnup disease
35
smudge cells
CLL
36
punched out lytic bone lesions
multiple myeloma
37
RBCs clumped together like a stack of coins
Rouleaux formation (multiple myeloma)
38
monoclonal antibody spike (M spike)
multiple myeloma monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
39
reddish-pink rods in cytoplasm of leukemic blasts
auer rods (AML)
40
dark purple nodules on skin in an HIV patient
Kaposi sarcoma - HHV-8
41
temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV-1
42
owl's eye inclusions in organ tissue
CMV
43
intranuclear eosinophilic droplets
HSV: cowdry type A inclusions
44
nutmeg liver
hepatic congestion: R sided heart failure budd chiari syndrome
45
maternal elevation of AFP
``` neural tube anencephaly spina bifida omphalocele gastroschisis ```
46
aplastic anemia in sickle cell patient
parvovirus B19
47
oral hairy luekoplakia
EBV
48
child with fever and "slapped cheek" rash on face that spreads to body
parvovirus B19 (fifth disease)
49
fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis and diffuse rash
rubeola (measles) | 3 C's
50
small, irregular, blue-gray spots on buccal mucosa, surrounded by base of red
``` Koplik spots (measles) occurs before diffuse rash ```
51
dark purple nodules on skin in an HIV patient
kaposi sarcoma (HHV-8)
52
large cells with owl's eye inclusions
CMV
53
treatment for CMV
ganciclovir
54
most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients
pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
55
drug used to prevent pneumocystis pneumonia
TMP-SMX
56
most common heart murmur
mitral valve prolapse
57
most common congenital heart anomaly
VSD
58
cherry-red spot on macula
Tay-Sachs Niemann-Pick central retinal artery occlusion
59
treatment for oral candidiasis
nysatin or fluconazole
60
most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients
pneumocystis jirovecii
61
prophylaxis for cryptococcus in AIDS patients
fluconazole
62
prophylaxis for PCP in AIDS patients
TMP-SMX
63
treatment for systemic candidiasis
immuncompetent: fluconazole immunocompromised: amphotericin B or echinocandin
64
cancer associated with asbestos
malignant mesothelioma | bronchogenic carcinoma
65
owl's eye inclusions owl's eye nucleus owl's eye protozoan
inclusion: CMV nucleus: reed sternburg cell (hodgkin lymphoma) protozoan: giardia lamblia
66
pigmented hamartomas in iris
lisch nodules: neurofibromatosis
67
systemic mycoses (fungal infections)
``` histoplasmosis blastomycosis coccidioidomycosis sporotrichosis paracoccidiomycosis ```
68
systemic mycoses are dimorphic fungi: mold - 20 C yeast - 37 C
histoplasmosis blastomycosis coccidioidomycosis (exception: spherole not yeast) sporotrichosis
69
treatment for systemic mycoses
localized, uncomplicated: fluconazole or itraconazole | severe, disseminated, or complicated: amphotericin B (Big Bad fungal infections)
70
characteristics of systemic mycoses
NON-CASEATING granuloma formation (vs TB: caseating with necrotic centers filled with caseous/cheesy material)
71
culture of systemic mycoses
sabouraud agar
72
encounter with bat/bad droppings (soil may be contaminated) and getting a pulmonary disease
histoplasma capsulatum
73
systemic mycoses in mississippi/ohio river valley
histoplasma capsulatum
74
systemic mycoses in southwest US (California, west Texas)
coccidoidomycosis
75
systemic mycoses in states bordering Mississippi and Ohio river basins up to Canada, central america
blastomycosis
76
organisms associated with birds
histoplasma capsulatum: noncaseating granulomas cryptococcus neoformans: pigeon droppings, pneumonia in healthy, meningitis in AIDS chlamydophila psittaci (bacteria) H5N1 influenza (bird flu) West Nile virus
77
treatment of sporotrichosis
itraconazole - DOC | potassium iodide "plant a rose in pot(assium iodide) - kids or treatment failure
78
cat scratch
bartonella henselae
79
cat/dog bite
pasteurella multocida
80
cat feces
toxoplasma
81
puppy feces
yersinia enterocolitica
82
animal urine
leptospira | hantavirus: deer mouse urine
83
effect of leptin (from adipocytes)
satiety inhibits lateral area of hypothalamus stimulates ventromedial area of hypothalmus
84
councilman bodies
apoptotic liver cells: | viral hepatitis or yellow fever
85
ring-enhancing lesion in HIV patient
toxoplasma gondii or 1° CNS lymphoma
86
treatment for trichomonas vaginalis
metronidazole
87
most common protozoal diarrhea (watery)
giardia lamblia
88
strawberry tongue
scarlet fever kawasaki disease toxic shock syndrome
89
rash on palms + soles
2° syphilis rocky mountain spotted fever coxsackie A virus
90
most common helminth infection in US
enterobius vermicularis
91
2nd most common helminth infection in US
ascaris lumbricoides
92
multiple sclerosis Charcot's triad
scanning speech nystagmus intention tremor
93
renal artery stenosis with hypertension and string of pearls
fibromuscular dysplasia: | affects carotid + renal arteries
94
dynein arm defect
kartagener syndrome: primary ciliary dykinesia | recurrent sinusitis, bronchiectasis, situs inversus

Rapid Fire Facts: High Yield DIT (2 decks)

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