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History > Foundations - Ch 23 Sec 1 + 2 - The French Revolution > Flashcards

Foundations - Ch 23 Sec 1 + 2 - The French Revolution Flashcards

(60 cards)

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0
Q

What was the Estates-General?

A

an assembly of representatives from all 3 states

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1
Q

Who was Louis XVI

A

the King of France

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2
Q

What did people from the 1st and 2nd estates have access to?

A

High offices and exemptions from taxes

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3
Q

Who made up the 1st estate?

A

Clergy of the Roman Catholic Church

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4
Q

What percent of the land did the 1st estate own?

A

10%

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5
Q

What percent of the population made up the 1st estate?

A

1%

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6
Q

Who made up the 2nd estate?

A

rich nobles

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7
Q

What percent of the population made up the 2nd estate?

A

2%

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8
Q

What percent of the land did the 2nd estate own?

A

35%

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9
Q

Who made up the 3rd estate

A

The Bourgeoisie (middle class), the urban lower class, and peasants

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10
Q

What percent of the population made up the 3rd estate

A

97%

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11
Q

What percent of the land did the 3rd estate own

A

55%

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12
Q

1st estate

A

made up of clergy of Roman Catholic Church
scorned enlightenment ideas
hardly paid any taxes

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13
Q

2nd estate

A

made up of rich nobles
held highest offices in gov
disagreed with enlightenment ideas
hardly paid any taxes

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14
Q

3rd estate

A 
included bourgeoisie, urban lower class, and peasant farmers
held no power to influence gov
embraced enlightenment ideas
resented the wealthy 1st and 2nd estates
heavily taxed
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15
Q

Why did the third estate resent the first and second estates?

A

their privileges and special treatment

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16
Q

Why didn’t the first and second estates support enlightenment ideas

A

they threatened their status

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17
Q

Who was Marie Antoinette

A

Queen of France and wife of Louis XVI

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18
Q

What was the Old Regime?

A

the political and social system that existed in France before the French Revolution where the people of France were divided into 3 large social classes

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19
Q

What is deficit spending?

A

spending money that you don’t have

one of the causes of the FR

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20
Q

What was the National Assembly

A

a French congress established by representatives of the third estate to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people

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21
Q

What was the National Assembly the beginning of?

A

representative gov

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22
Q

What was the Great Fear

A

a wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille
peasants broke into noble’s houses and destroyed legal papers or just burned down the manor houses

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23
Q

What was the Tennis Court Oath

A

a pledge made by the National Assembly in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution

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24
What was the storming of the Bastille
a mob searching for gunpowder and arms to defend the city against attack. They seized control of the building and hacked the guards to death
25
What was the women's march on Versailles
they were protesting the price of bread and broke into the palace, demanding that the king and queen go back to Paris
26
Who were the emigres
nobles an others who fled France and hoped to undo the revolution and restore the Old Regime
27
Who sat in the left at the legislative assembly
radicals
28
Who sat in the right in legislative assembly
conservatives
29
Legislative Assembly
French congress with the power to create laws and approve declarations of war, established by the constitution of 1791
30
Who was Maximillien Robespierre
a Jacobin leader who slowly gained power in 1973 | ruled France basically as a dictator, killing anyone who even hinted at opposing the Revolution
31
what was the guillotine
a machine for beheading people, used for executions
32
why was the guillotine ideal
doesn't hurt instant makes everyone equal in death (an enlightenment idea)
33
what was the national convention
the new governing body that took the place of the National Assembly
34
what did the national convention do
abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic
35
what was the Committee of Public Safety
formed by Robespierre during his Reign of Terror, its chief task was to protect the revolution from its enemies. They were tried in the morning and executed in the afternoon
36
who were the sans-culottes
a radical group of Parisian workers/small shopkeepers who wanted the revolution to bring even greater changes to France wore regular trousers to separate themselves from the upper classes
37
what are the common characteristics of a modern revolution
desire for rapid change and opportunity lose sight of original goals in course or revolution not necessarily violent, but usually are leadership comes from aristocracy and middle class generally during greater financial security and higher living standards and less oppressive gov
38
what were the causes of the FR
``` enlightenment ideas economic problems/hardship/inequality (uneven taxation and bad harvests) weak leadership deficit spending social inequality political flaws outside example in America ```
39
what were the original goals of the FR
``` no more absolute monarchy (limited) tax reform constitution (rights) radical reform (no feudal system) representation enlightenment ideas (classic liberalism) liberty, equality, and fraternity ```
40
Did Louis XVI ever call meetings of the Estates-General?
not really, hardly ever
41
What were liberal reforms
reforms made in the moderate stage
42
what are some examples of the moderate stage reforms?
``` trying to abolish feudal system trying to abolish slavery request for Jews citizenship declaration of the rights of man church over state new constitution ```
43
what are some examples of radical reforms
forming a republic (national convention) changing the calendar/clock/going to metric system/closed churches (republic of virtue) total war committee of public safety
44
what are Brinton's stages of a revolution
1. incubation 2. moderate 3. radical 4. recovery
45
what usually happens in the incubation phase
revolutionary ideas begin to fester
46
what usually happens in the moderate phase
``` led by middle class professionals most constructive lasting reforms ```
47
what usually happens in radical phase
violence led by sans-culottes super radical stuff
48
what usually happens in recovery phase
``` recovery led by middle class professionals again ```
49
How was Louis XVI as a leader
He was a weak leader Indecisive Got into a lot of debt Had little patience for the details of government
50
What was the declaration of the rights of man
A statement of revolutionary ideals adopted by the National Assembly
51
What did the declaration of the rights of man say
Men are born and remain free and in equal rights Rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression Guaranteed citizens equal justice and freedom of speech and religion
52
Who sat in the middle of the legislative assembly
Moderates
53
What did moderates of the legislative assembly support
Believed some reforms were good, but didn't go so far as radicals
54
What did conservatives believe in the leg assembly
upheld the idea of a limited monarchy and wanted few changes in gov
55
What did the radicals in the leg assembly want
opposed the idea of a monarchy and wanted sweeping changes in the way gov was run Jacobins
56
What is a coup d'état
Only changes the head of government, not the whole outlook and form of gov
57
What is total war/levy in masse
When all of the resources of the country go to the war efforts and the country's main goal is to win the war and there's a draft Like in the world wars
58
What was the reign of terror
The period of Robespierre's rule over france | He was basically a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed by the guillotine
59
What did other European nations think about the French Revolution
GB supported bc they were trying to get more representative gov, but thought they were being too radical Most countries feared revolution in their own countries

History (19 decks)

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