Foundations - Ch 29 - WWI

Question 1

what is the acronym to remembering the underlying causes of WWI

Answer 1

M.A.I.N.

Question 2

what were the underlying causes of the war

Answer 2

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

Question 3

what is militarism

Answer 3

a policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war

Question 4

what was the spark of the revolution

Answer 4

the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

Question 5

what was the Triple Alliance

Answer 5

a military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the years preceding WWI

Question 6

who originally formed the triple alliance and why did he do it

Answer 6

Otto Von Bismark of Germany bc he believed france posed the greatest threat to peace in Europe so he wanted to isolate it and take allies away from it

Question 7

what was the Triple Entente

Answer 7

a military alliance between France, GB, and Russia in the years preceding WWI

Question 8

what was the Black Hand

Answer 8

a secret society committed to ridding Bosnia of Austrian rule

Question 9

who assassinated Ferdinand

Answer 9

Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian member of the Black Hand

Question 10

what was the schielffen plan

Answer 10

Germany’s military plan at the outbreak of WWI, according to which German troops would rapidly defeat France and then move east to attack Russia so they wouldn’t have to fight a war on two fronts

Question 11

did the Schlieffen plan work

Answer 11

no

Question 12

why didn’t the schlieffen plan work

Answer 12

no because France defeated Germany at the first battle of the marne, and by the time that battle ended, Russian forces had already invaded Germany on the eastern front

Question 13

why was it significant that the schlieffen plan didn’t work

Answer 13

Germany/the central powers had to fight a long war on two fronts

Question 14

who were part of the central powers

Answer 14

germany, A-H, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire

Question 15

who were part of the allied powers

Answer 15

Russia, France, Italy, Serbia, GB, Belgium, Japan, Romania, Portugal, and Greece

Question 16

why did GB enter the war

Answer 16

germany attacked Belgium (a neutral nation) in order to go thru the schlieffen plan and GB had a treaty with Belgium to protect them

Question 17

what was the western front

Answer 17

the region of northern france where the forces of allies and the central powers battled each other

Question 18

what was the eastern front

Answer 18

the region along the German-Russian border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks

Question 19

what is trench warfare

Answer 19

a form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield

Question 20

what was the worst part about trench warfare

Answer 20

it led to stalemates, which caused a huge loss in human life but hardly any land gain

Question 21

was life in the trenches nice

Answer 21

no it was pure misery

Question 22

what is “no man’s lan”

Answer 22

the space between the opposing trenches

a bombed out landscape basically

Question 23

what new weapons were used in WWI

Answer 23

poison gas
machine guns
tanks
submarines

Question 24

what did poison gas do

Answer 24

caused blindness, sever blisters, and death by choking

Question 25

what did the machine gun do

Answer 25

could wipe out waves of attackers and made it difficult for forces to advance

Question 26

what was a tank/what could it do

Answer 26

an armored combat vehicle that could cross many types of terrains

Question 27

what was the submarines primary weapon

Answer 27

the torpedo, an underwater missile

Question 28

what did all the new technology do

Answer 28

kill greater numbers of people more effectively but it did not make the war more fast moving

Question 29

why was Russia's involvement in the war so important to the other Allies

Answer 29

its huge population allowed it to tie up hundreds of thousands of German troops in the east so Germany could not hurl its full fighting force at the west

Question 30

what is total war

Answer 30

a conflict in which the participating countries donate all of their resources to the war effort

Question 31

what is unrestricted submarine warfare

Answer 31

the use of submarines to sink without warning any ship (including neutral ships and unarmed passenger liners) found in an enemy's waters

Question 32

why did America become involved in the War

Answer 32

because of Germany's use of unrestricted submarine warfare in sinking american ships they intercepted the Zimmermann Note

Question 33

what was the Zimmermann Note

Answer 33

a telegram from Germany to Mexico stating that Germany would help M regain the land they lost to the US if M would ally with G

Question 34

which side did America join

Answer 34

the Allies

Question 35

why did America join the allies

Answer 35

bc they shared a common history, language, and gov with GB & it had stronger economic ties w the allies than w the central

Question 36

what happened in total war

Answer 36

``` gov controls the economy food is rationed draft for the war women were put into the workforce information and opinion were controlled (censorship and propaganda) ```

Question 37

what is propaganda

Answer 37

information or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an opponents cause

Question 38

what is the difference between propaganda and advertising

Answer 38

P is more government driven/issued; more political

Question 39

what are the types of propaganda

Answer 39

appeal to fear appeal to prejudice demonizing the enemy bandwagon - "everyone else is going it" flag waving - this will make you a patriot glittering generalities - emotionally appealing words w no evidence virtue words - peace, security, freedom

Question 40

what were the expectations of the war vs the reality of it

Answer 40

expectations: quick "home by christmas", new weapons would speed up the war, it was romanticized and patriotic and heroic reality: stalemate, trench warfare, new weapons only increased death and destruction and not land gain or speed of the war

Question 41

Which front was in more of a stalemate

Answer 41

Western

Question 41

Which front was in more of a stalemate

Answer 41

Western

Question 42

Where was the Balkan Peninsula

Answer 42

The little countries (Greece, Montenegro, Serbia) near/in the Ottoman Empire

Question 43

Why was it referred to as the Balkan "powder keg"

Answer 43

Nationalism was spreading among the nations bc they wanted to gain independent and there were many ethnic clashes

Question 44

what are 3 examples of militarism leading to WWI

Answer 44

the naval rivalry between GB and Germany lots of $ spent on arms grudge between France and Germany

Question 45

who was in the 3 emperor's league

Answer 45

Germany, Austria Hungary, and Russia

Question 46

what are 3 examples of imperialism that led to WWI

Answer 46

GB and France fighting over Egypt German railroad vs the GB and Russian railroads in Africa Germany and France fighting over Morocco

Question 47

what are 3 examples of nationalism that led to WWI

Answer 47

Pan-slavism Germ vs France over Alsace-Loraine Balkan Powder Keg

Question 48

how did WWI truly become a World War

Answer 48

they wanted to take each others colonial possessions Japan joined the allies, Ottoman empire joined the central powers USA joined on the side of the Allies

Question 49

what chain of events led to the end of the war

Answer 49

Russia withdrew by signing a treaty with Germany Fresh troops from the US on the side of the allies greatly helped the allies by boosting morale and giving more soldiers German Kaiser stepped down November 11, the armistice was signed