FQ 2 (2)

Question 1

What is motivation?

Answer 1

Motivation is an internal state that activates, directs and sustains behaviour towards achieving a particular goal. Motivation can be defined as the direction and intensity of effort.

• A powerful force that leads you towards a
  desired outcome (direction), combined with
  the effort or energy you use (intensity) to work
  towards that goal.
• Motivation can be categorised as positive or
  negative, and intrinsic or extrinsic.

Question 2

Define Positive Motivation

Answer 2

Positive motivation is the desire to succeed in a task that will make you feel happy, content or satisfied.

• Positive reinforcement helps to maintain positive motivation.

Question 3

Define Negative Motivation

Answer 3

Negative motivation is the desire to succeed in a task to avoid unpleasant or undesirable consequences—such as feeling sad, unworthy, or a failure.

• Negative motivation causes you to think about what you don’t want to happen
• Negative motivation can be embarrassing and humiliating.

Question 4

Define Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 4

Intrinsic motivation is the desire that comes from within.

• When intrinsically motivated, athletes feel satisfied and content to continue an activity because they enjoy it.
• Intrinsic motivation encompasses an individual’s inward desire to know, accomplish and experience.
• This is the most powerful and rewarding motivation, and it can be sustained for considerable lengths of time.
• Intrinsic motivation may come naturally, but coaches and athletes can help to create it by adapting their thinking.

Question 5

Define Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 5

Extrinsic or external motivation occurs when the individual’s internal state is modified by the desire to succeed in a task to gain an external reward (such as a trophy, money, praise or avoidance of punishment).

• The reward provides more satisfaction than the task itself
• There is a concern that money is now the driving motivational factor, rather than enjoyment of the sport.

Question 6

Define Anxiety

Answer 6

Anxiety is a negative emotional state that results from perceiving a situation as threatening, uncontrollable or unavoidable. There are two components to anxiety— mental (cognitive) and physical (somatic). Somatic includes symptoms of increased heart rate, nervousness and ‘butterflies’ in the stomach.

Question 7

What are the two types of anxiety?

Answer 7

• State
• Trait

Question 8

Define State Anxiety

Answer 8

State anxiety is the temporary feeling of apprehension, tension or inadequacy related to a specific point in time.

E.g taking a penalty shot in soccer.

Question 9

Define Trait Anxiety

Answer 9

Trait anxiety is a behavioural disposition to exhibit anxiety and perceive a wide range of situations as threatening.
* A person with a high level of trait anxiety is likely to respond to competitive situations with high state anxiety.

Question 10

List the 4 Stages of Stress

Answer 10

ENVIRONMENTAL DEMAND
- physical
- psychological

INDIVIDUAL’S PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEMAND
- amount of physical/psychological threat perceived

RESPONSE
- arousal
- state anxiety (cognitive & somatic)
- muscle tension
- attention change

BEHAVIOUR
- performance
- outcome

Question 11

Define Stress

Answer 11

Stress can be described as the imbalance between what is demanded (physically, psychologically or emotionally), and the perceived ability to meet those demands (your competence or coping skills).

• When there is the perception of a large imbalance between what is asked and your capabilities, then an individual becomes stressed.