FR + Napoleon + Congress of Vienna Flashcards
(38 cards)
What system of government was applied before FR
absolute monarchy
What does absolute monarchy mean
- king has absolute power
- king creates rules on his own
- no parliament / no consulting
What is centralized government
the whole country is ruled from 1 place (in France it was Versailles)
Why was there a bad financial situation in France before revolution
- war debts (French-Indian war)
- lavish life of higher classes
- 2 years of draught, bad harvest
- rise of prices of food due to bad harvest but no rise of wages
Name the 3 estates
1st - Clergy
2nd - Nobility
3rd - Bourgeoise, sans cullotes, peasants
define clergy
- the highest estate after royal family
- 1% of the population
- pay no taxes
- own 10-15% of soil
- Higher clergy- abbots, bishops…
define nobility
- leading positions un government, military
- pay no taxes
- 2% of population
define bourgeoise
- middle class = wealthy
- doctors, merchants, lawyers, bankers
define sans cullotes
- urban workers = laborers, artisans, small shopkeepers
- sans cullotes = “without breeches”
- even tho they were relatively wealthy, they related more to peasants than higher classes
- fought for equality
define sans cullotes
- urban workers = laborers, artisans, small shopkeepers
- sans cullotes = “without breeches”
- even tho they were relatively wealthy, they related more to peasants than higher classes
- fought for equality
define peasants
- landless workers
- paying taxes
- no voice in government
how did FR start
the king created a voting system unfair to the 3rd estate while they were discussing new taxes (only the 3rd estate pays taxes)
what year did FR start
1789
what is National Assembly
a gathering where the 3rd estate tried to create new constitution
What is the Tennis Court Oath and why were the people in a gym
- an oath to never disband until they reached their goal (new constitution)
- king locked them out of the hall of mirrors
Storming of Bastille date
14.7.1789
why did people attack Bastille
king started gathering troops and the people needed guns from Bastille
What were the 3 stages of government created by the 3rd estate
- National Assembly
- Constitutional monarchy
- Republic
What is significant in national assembly
- established general equality (only all MEN were equal)
- religious freedom
- freedom of speech
- right to hold a property
what was significant in constitutional monarchy
- the assembly is elected every 2 years
- everyone pays taxes based on their property
- king was still present and could aloow or delay any of the laws the assembly wants to pass
- the royal crown is still only hereditary
- government seperated into wings = left wing-Jacobines, right wing-Girodins
what did the 3rd estate classes think about the changes brought by constitutional monarchy
Peasants
- still too poor to afford land
- didnt like changes in church
- wanted more protection against the rich
Bourgeoise
- wanted free trade and natural competition
- opposed to peasants
Sans-cullotes
- wanted no free trade
- wanted stable prices
- same goals as peasants
- supported enlighted ideas
- wanted a different government
what was the goal of Jacobines
- want to continue the revolution
- general sufferage
- more democratic and equal lifestyle
- state inerference into economy (fixed prices, wages…)
what was the goal of Girodins
- free trade
- wanted to stop the revolution
- sufferage only to those with certain property
- supported by bourgeoise
what was significant in republic
Jacobines + Girondins = Convent (National Convention)
- execution of the king
- later new constitution (1793)
- the UK, Sardinia, Prussia, Spain declared war against France as a reaction to kings execution
- no one working on fields (every man was fighting)
- Jacobines and Girodins started rivaling
