narodne obrodenie

Question 1

What was the Slovak National Revival?

Answer 1

A movement from the 16th to 19th century aimed at strengthening Slovak national identity, language, and culture.

Question 2

What were the main causes of the Slovak National Revival?

Answer 2

The Ottoman threat, migration of people, national tensions in cities, and the influence of Enlightenment ideas.

Question 3

When did national awareness among Slovaks begin to grow?

Answer 3

In the 18th century, influenced by Enlightenment ideas and historical exploration.

Question 4

What were the main theories about the origin of Slovaks?

Answer 4

The Theory of Autochthony (Slavs lived in the area before Hungarians) and the Theory of Hospitality (Slavs and Hungarians built Hungary together).

Question 5

Who wrote the first book on Slovak history?

Answer 5

Juraj Papánek in 1780 (Dejiny Slovenského národa).

Question 6

What were the three main periods of Slovak national revival?

Answer 6

Bernolákovci (1780–1820), Kollárovci (1820–1835), and Štúrovci (1835–1848).

Question 7

What was the main focus of the national revival movement?

Answer 7

Creating and spreading a national Slovak language and later engaging in political activity.

Question 8

What was the main difference between Catholic and Protestant approaches?

Answer 8

Catholics saw Slovaks as a separate nation and tried to codify Slovak, while Protestants viewed Slovaks as part of a Czecho-Slovak group and promoted a Slovakized Czech language.

Question 9

How did the Hungarian national movement affect Slovak revivalists?

Answer 9

Slovak revivalists had to fight against Hungarian centralization and efforts to assimilate Slovaks.

Question 10

What was the key achievement of the Štúrovci?

Answer 10

The creation of a standardized Slovak language based on the central Slovak dialect, which is still used today.

Question 11

How did political events in Europe influence the Slovak national movement?

Answer 11

Events like the defeat of Napoleon, Hungarian national movements, and Polish uprisings affected the strategies and goals of Slovak revivalists.

Question 12

Which social and religious group did the Bernolákovci belong to?

Answer 12

The Slovak Catholic intelligentsia.

Question 13

Who were the main Protestant representatives of the Kollárovci?

Answer 13

Ján Kollár, Pavol Jozef Šafárik.

Question 14

Which dialect formed the base for the language codified by the Kollárovci?

Answer 14

Dialect from central Slovakia.

Question 15

In 1787, Anton Bernolák created the first codified Slovak language. Which dialect formed the base for this version of the language?

Answer 15

Western Slovakia (Trnava region dialect).

Question 16

What was the centre of meetings for Protestants and Catholics during their cooperation?

Answer 16

Buda and Pest.

Question 17

Name at least two associates of Ľudovít Štúr.

Answer 17

Hurban, Hodža.

Question 18

What was the main goal of Juraj Fándly’s book ‘Pilní domajší a poľní hospodár’?

Answer 18

To give advice to Slovak farmers.

Question 19

Who did the Štúrovci address their petition ‘Slovenský prestolný prosbopis’ to?

Answer 19

The king/monarch.

Question 20

Which major Slovak religious and cultural group resisted Bernolákovci’s language?

Answer 20

The Protestant intelligentsia (who preferred the Czech-based biblical language).

Question 21

Who was supposed to be the main protector and patron of the Slavic nation according to the idea of Panslavism?

Answer 21

The Russian Empire.

Question 22

What was the main goal of the spolky miernosti established by the Štúr generation?

Answer 22

To fight alcoholism in villages.

Question 23

In 1792, Bernolák’s followers established this organization to promote the Slovak language and literature. What is its name?

Answer 23

Slovenské učené tovarišstvo (Slovak Learned Society).

Question 24

Who was the most active defender and promoter of Bernolák’s version of the Slovak language?

Answer 24

Ján Hollý.

Question 25

They started to publish the first political newspaper in August 1845. What was the name of the newspaper?

Answer 25

Slovenské národné noviny.

Question 26

What were the religious beliefs of different national revival groups?

Answer 26

Bernolákovci – Catholics; Kollárovci – Protestants + Catholics; Štúrovci – Protestants.

Question 27

What were their ideas about language?

Answer 27

Bernolákovci – Western dialect (codified Slovak language) – failed; Kollárovci – Bernolák’s Slovak + Czech – failed; Štúrovci – Central dialect (codified Slovak language) – successful.

Question 28

What were their main activities aimed at?

Answer 28

Bernolákovci – Published books; Kollárovci – Cooperation of Slavs; Štúrovci – Political activism and work with lower social groups.

Question 29

Where was the Bernolákovci group formed?

Answer 29

In the Catholic seminary in Bratislava, founded by Joseph II.

Question 30

What was the name of the group of Slovak students who started the Bernolákovci movement?

Answer 30

Krúžok vlasteneckých filológov (The National Philologists Group).

Question 31

When was the first codified Slovak language created, and which dialect was it based on?

Answer 31

In 1787, based on the Western dialect (Trnava region).

Question 32

What was the first book on the topic of Slovak language, and when was it published?

Answer 32

Filologicko-kritická rozprava o slovenských písmenách (1787).

Question 33

What are some important works written by Anton Bernolák?

Answer 33

Gramatica Slavica (1790), Etymológia slovenských slov (1791), Slovár slovenský, česko-latinsko-nemecko-uhorský (1825–1827).

Question 34

What was the purpose of Slovenské učené tovarišstvo (Slovak Learned Society), and when was it founded?

Answer 34

It was founded in 1792 to promote the Slovak language and literature.

Question 35

How many members did the Slovenské učené tovarišstvo have, and who were they?

Answer 35

Around 500 members, mostly Catholic priests.

Question 36

Why did previous attempts to change the language fail, according to Bernolák?

Answer 36

They were all based on the Czech language.

Question 37

How did Bernolák change Slovak grammar?

Answer 37

He adapted spelling and pronunciation rules specifically for Slovaks instead of following Czech patterns.

Question 38

What was the main purpose of Juraj Fándly’s writing?

Answer 38

To advise Slovak farmers.

Question 39

Why did Fándly write about potatoes in Pilní domajší a poľní hospodár?

Answer 39

To educate farmers about their benefits and encourage their cultivation.

Question 40

How did the perception of potatoes change over time?

Answer 40

Initially, only the poor ate them, but later they became widely accepted and consumed abroad.

Question 41

What is Ján Hollý’s epic poem Svätopluk about?

Answer 41

It describes the war of Svätopluk against Karolman and his victory, leading to the establishment of a strong Slovak kingdom.

Question 42

How was Svätopluk supposed to help the Slovak national movement?

Answer 42

It aimed to show Slovak history as glorious and instill national pride.

Question 43

How did Ján Hollý use language in his works?

Answer 43

He promoted the Slovak language by using it in poetry and translating ancient works.