Fractional distillation

Question 1

What is crude oil formed from

Answer 1

-The remains of plants and animals (mainly plankton) that died millions are years ago and were buried with mud
-with high temperature and pressure the remains turn into crude oil

Question 2

What is crude oil made up of

Answer 2

Lots of different hydrocarbons

Question 3

How are the different compounds in crude oil separated

Answer 3

By fractional distillation

Question 4

How does fractional distillation of crude oil work

1. Oil is h… until most of it has turned into g…
2. In the c… there is a temperature g…, … at the bottom and … at the top
3. The longer hydrocarbons are less …, so they c… back into liquids and drain out … on when near the …
4. Shorter … are more volatile so … and drain out l… on near the top
5. You end up with the c… oil mixture separated into different f…, with each fraction containing h… with similar … points

Answer 4

1. Oil is heated until most of it has turned into gas
2. In the column there is a temperature gradient, hit at the bottom and cooler at the top
3. The longer hydrocarbons are less volatile, so they condense back into liquids and drain out early on when near the bottom
4. Shorter hydrocarbons are more volatile so condense and drain out later on near the top
5. You end up with the crude oil mixture separated into different fractions, with each fraction containing hydrocarbons with similar boiling points

Question 5

Hydrocarbons found in crude oil

Answer 5

-petrol
-kerosene
-diesel oil
-heavy fuel oil
-bitumen

Question 6

Put in order of shortest to longest hydrocarbon in crude oil: kerosene, bitumen, heavy fuel oil, petrol, diesel oil

Answer 6

-petrol
-kerosene
-diesel oil
-heavy fuel oil
-bitumen