polymers Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are plastics made up of
Long chain molecules called polymers
What are polymers
Long chain molecules formed when lots of small molecules called monomers join together
What is polymerisation
When lots of small molecules called monomers join together to form polymers
What bind do monomers have that make up addition polymers
Double covalent bonds
What are addition polymers made from
Unsaturated monomers
What are unsaturated monomer molecules
Alkenes
What is addition polymerisation
When lots of u… monomer molecules (a…) open up their C=… bond and join … to form p… chains
When lots of unsaturated monomer molecules (alkenes) open up their C=C bond and join together to form polymer chains
What conditions does polymerisation need
High pressure and a catalyst
What are the two types of polymers
Addition polymers and condensation polymers
How are polymers made by condensation polymerisation
-involves m… which contain different f… groups
-the m… react together and b… form between them, making p… chains
-for each new b… that forms a small m… eg water is l…
—>this is why it’s called c… polymerisation
-involves monomers which contain different functional groups
-the monomers react together and bonds form between them, making polymer chains
-for each new bond that forms a small molecule eg water is lost
—>this is why it’s called condensation polymerisation
Differences between addition and condensation polymerisation
Addition:
No. Types of monomer- only …
No. Products- only …
Function groups involved- …
Condensation:
No. Types of monomer- 2 with … of the same f… groups, or o… monomer with 2 different f… groups
No. Products- … types, the p… and small m…
Functional groups involved- 2 r… groups on each m…
Addition:
No. Types of monomer- only one
No. Products- only one
Function groups involved- C=C
Condensation:
No. Types of monomer- 2 with 2 of the same functional groups, or one monomer with 2 different functional groups
No. Products- 2 types, the polymer and small molecule
Functional groups involved- 2 reactive groups on each monomer
How many functional groups do amino acids contain
2, basic amino acid (NH2) and Carboxylic group (COOH)
What polymers do amino acids form
Polypeptides
How do amino acids form polymers
-through c… polymerisation
-the amino g… of an amino a… can react with the acid g… of another to form a p… chain
-for every new b… formed a m… of water is l…
-through condensation polymerisation
-the amino group of an amino acid can react with the acid group of another to form a polymer chain
-for every new bond formed a molecule of water is lost
What are one or more long chains of polypeptides known as
Proteins
What are DNA molecules made from
2 Nucleotide polymers
What are sugars
Small molecules that contain carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
