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msk ( a.s) > Fractures > Flashcards

Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

Name the common fractures

A 
Ankle 
Tibial shaft
Tibial plateau 
Femoral shaft 
Pelvic
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2
Q

How does ankle fractures occur

A

Inversion injury with a rotational force applied to foot

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3
Q

What do you use in ankle fractures to classify?

A

Talar shift
A - stable
C - unstable
B - CHEKC deltoid to find out

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4
Q

Management of ankle fractures

A

Conservative : cast or moon boot ( stable_

Operavbie : open reduction internal fixation (unstable)

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5
Q

Types of tibial shaft fractures

A

Spiral, transverse, oblique, comminuted

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6
Q

What’s the biggest risk of tibial shaft fractures

A

COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

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7
Q

Management of tibial shaft fractures

A

Conservative: above knee cast

Operative : ORIF

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8
Q

Management of femoral shaft fractures

A

Thomas splint

IM nail, plate fixation, ORIF

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9
Q

High energetic injuries in young, low in old

Risk of NV injury

A

Tibial plateau fracture

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10
Q

Management of tibial plateau fracture

A

Above knee cast

ORIF, external fixator, delayed total knee replacement

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11
Q

Common upper limb fractures

A 
Distal radius fractures 
Forearm fractures 
Olecranon fractures 
Humeral shafts fractures 
Proximal humeral fractures
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12
Q

How does distal radius fracture common

A

FOOSH

Can be colles or smith / Barton’s

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13
Q

Mx of distal radius fractures

A

Cast / split

ORIF

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14
Q

What’s unusual about forearm fractures

A

Radius and ulna connected with proximal and distal radiounlar = ie a ring

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15
Q

Types of forearm fractures

A

Monteggia, Galezzi and nightstick fractures

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16
Q

Fracture of the ulnar shaft with concomitant dislocation

A

Monteggia fracture

17
Q

Fracture of the distal part of the radius with dislocation of the distal radiounlar joint and intact ulna

A

Galezzi fractures

18
Q

Isolated fractures of the ulna
Defensive fracture
Transverse and located mid diaphysis and usually resulting from a direct blow

A

Night stick fracture

19
Q

Management of radius and ulna fractures

A

Cast

ORIF

20
Q

How does olecranon fracture occur

A

Falling onto elbow

21
Q

Treatment of olecranon fractures

A

Cast
Tension band wiring
ORIF
Plate fixation

22
Q

What kind of fractures does humeral shaft produce

A

Oblique fractures or spinal fractures

23
Q

Mx of humeral shaft fracture

A

Humeral brace

IM nail / ORIF plate fixation

24
Q

What is neurapraxia

A

Temporary conduction block / demyelination

Resolve within 28 days

25
Q

What is axonotmesis

A

Nerve cell axon dies distally from point of injury = wallerian degeneration
Structure of nerve intact
Regenerates at 1mm per day

26
Q

What is neurotmesis

A

Nerve transacted

No recovery without surgery

27
Q

Fracture healed in wrong place

A

Malunion

28
Q

Poor blood supply to fracture site, fracture gap too big and no movement

A

Non union

29
Q

What’s a dislocation

A

Complete loss of contact between 2 joint surfaces

30
Q

What is a subluxation

A

Partial loss of contact

31
Q

Most common reason for shoulder dislocation

A

Large force, pulling hard on the arm

32
Q

Most dislocation managment

A

REDUCE
IMMBOLISATION
REHAB

33
Q

Most common reason for elbow dislocation

A

FOOSH

34
Q

Most common reason for interphalangeal joints

A

Hyperextension injury

Direct axial blow ( basket ball hitting finger straight on)

35
Q

Common reason for patella dislocation

A

Quad contraction with flexing knee

Always lateral dislocation

36
Q

Reason for knee dislocation

A

BIG ENERGY

RTA

37
Q

Lateral collateral ligament injury + peroneal injury causing a foot drop

A

KNEE DISLOCATION

38
Q

Most common hip dislocation

A

Posterior

msk ( a.s) (16 decks)

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