Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PT 116 > Fractures (ch9) Joint Arthroplasty (ch10) > Flashcards

Fractures (ch9) Joint Arthroplasty (ch10) Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are classification of fractures?

A 
Linear
Oblique
Compression
Avulsion
Impaction
Stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of fracture occurs when one fragment is driven into another?

A

Impaction

Common in tibial plateau fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of fracture is caused by a sudden muscle contraction or pulling by a ligament in which the area of a bone where the ligament attaches is pulled away from the rest of the bone?

A

Avulsion

common in fifth metatarsal during inversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of fracture occurs when the bone is compressed beyond its limits of tolerance? Where is this type of fracture mostly found?

A

Compression

Found in the vertebral bodies as a result of a flexion injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of fracture runs parallel to the bone?

A

Linear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of fracture runs perpendicular to the long axis of a bone? What causes them?

A

Transverse

Caused by tensile/ bending forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes a stress fracture?

A

repeated low force trauma

Common in athletes and military personnel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an open fracture?

A

fractures that are exposed to the external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a closed fracture? what usually accompanies a closed fracture?

A

Does not break the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What accounts for the largest number of fractures among the elderly? What are they associated with?

A

Osteoporosis

Poor balance & falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common cause of fractures?

A

trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Greenstick and torus fractures are most common in?

A

Children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Primary healing will occur if?

A

Intramedullary vasculature is intact
There is cortical contact
Fracture fixation provides compression across the fracture, reduces the interfragmentary gap to less than 1 mm, and eliminates motion at the fracture site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When does secondary healing start?

A

with formation of a fibrous callus around the fracture site and ends with its conversion to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What occurs during the inflammatory stage of bone healing?

A

Formation of a hematoma at the injury site

Inflammatory cells invade the area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What occurs during the repair stage of bone healing?

A

Characterized by the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into the cell types necessary for tissue restoration
Soft callus is formed, then mineralized by osteoblasts, forming hard callus
ends when the fracture is clinically stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What occurs during the remodeling stage of bone healing?

A

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts replace the immature bone with mature, organized bone
Fully healed fracture is often stronger than the surrounding bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What risk factors can delayed healing?

A 
Mellitus 
Smoking 
Long-term steroid use 
NSAIDs and other medications 
Poor nutrition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can e-stim help w/ bone healing?

A

Improve tissue healing
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) – noninvasive, well tolerated pain reliever
Electrical stimulation - high voltage pulsed current (HVPC) used to control edema
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is often used to improve strength and to retard the effects of disuse atrophy
Stimulate the biological processes involved in osteogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Weight bearing progressions during bone healing &

Assistive devices to be used

A

Gait Training - start with non-weight bearing (NWB), advance through toe-touch weight bearing (TTWB), to partial weight bearing (PWB), to full weight bearing as tolerated
Assistive devices - wheelchairs, walkers, and crutches to assist with mobility to reachers who enable a person to grasp something that is placed beyond his or her reach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ROM progressions

Gravity progressions

A

PROM> AAROM> AROM

Gravity eliminated> Gravity assisted > Against Gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is arthrofibrosis?

A

increased fibrous tissue in a joint that limits ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is arthropathy?

A

any disease or abnormal condition affecting a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is arthrodesis?

A

The surgical fusion of the bony surfaces of a joint w/ internal fixation such as pins, plates, nails, or bone graft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is arthroplasty?
any reconstructive joint procedure with or without an implant that is designed to relieve pain and restore motion
26
What is a hemiarthroplasty?
involves removing and replacing only one side of the joint
27
What can be used to treat fractures on or around the femoral neck that can not be treated by open reduction internal fixation ?
Bipolar or unipolar hemiarthroplasty
28
Resection arthroplasty and fascial arthroplasty
do not involve replacement of the joint with an implant
29
What are indications for Arthrodesis?
Painful, degenerative arthritis or RA that can not be helped by arthroplasty Avascular necrosis or osteonecrosis Neurological disease that resulted in an unstable joint Neuropathic joints Infection ie chronic osteomyelitis Failed total joint arthroplasty cause by infection Deltoid or quadriceps femoris paralysis
30
What are the two main surgical approaches to a THA?
Anterior and posterolateral
31
What are the indications for THA?
Pain and disability Decreased muscle strength, limited hip ROM, and flexibility Gait abnormalities
32
What should patients with THA be educated on?
Weight-bearing & ROM restrictions How to use of assistive devices such as walkers, crutches, and canes Follow tissue healing parameters and the postsurgical precautions
33
Goals of TKA interventions
Achieving knee flexion early in rehabilitation allows patients more independence Improve balance and proprioception since they can impact the frequency of falls and subsequent injury
34
Constrained Total shoulder arthroplasty
ball and socket design that reduces humeral motion
35
Using NMES for TKA
potentially more effective than exercise alone b/c it recruits a greater proportion of type II fibers
36
Exercise interventions for TKA
Pool therapy for gait training, ROM, strengthening, and recreation Deep squats should be avoided Stationary cycling and a walking program may be added to achieve optimal function
37
Nonconstrained TSA
Nonconstrained TSA: resembles the normal anatomical motion of the shoulder joint
38
Shoulder arthroplasties - prognosis
Over 70% of patients with shoulder fractures do have complete or near-complete relief of pain after TSA Functional results vary, depending largely on the underlying cause Outcome is best with a well-reduced fracture, a motivated patient, and an appropriate rehabilitation program maximum recovery of function usually occurring within 6-12 months of the surgery Strength after TSA is generally sufficient to allow ADLs and light recreational fitness activities TSA also significantly improves quality of life for patients with OA
39
Goal of TSA interventions
Stability | The goal of inpatient therapy is to teach patients ROM activities that they can do at home
40
Reason to have Total Elbow Arthroplasty
Useful when conservative management of a painful or unstable elbow is unsuccessful
41
Four main designs of Total elbow arthroplasty
Constrained Semiconstrained Unconstrained Resurfacing
42
Total elbow arthroplasty – prognosis
TEA is generally effective for relieving pain but often results in loss of ROM and strength
43
Following TEA what is recommended to decrease swelling
Compressive cryotherapy shown to decrease postoperative swelling Early icing and compression are recommended outcome is determined by surgeon preference
44
What type of patient gets a total wrist arthroplasty?
Generally used to treat patients with RA that affects the wrist and low functional demands
45
Total wrist arthroplasty – intervention
Rehabilitation after wrist arthroplasty requires balancing ROM and stability needs Active ROM program should include active flexion, extension, pronation, and supination of the wrist
46
Finger arthroplasty
Used to treat a wide variety of painful conditions that limit hand function
47
Metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty
Implants may have a single- or two-piece hinge design, be constrained or nonconstrained, and be fixed with or without cement
48
Metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty goal and typical outcome
Goal is to decrease pain, enhance joint stability, and ultimately improve hand function
49
Metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty - intervention
Therapy should protect the joint, improve ROM, and safely progress the patient back to activity Based on the principles of tissue healing and scar formation
50
Reason to have Interphalangeal joint arthroplasty
Treatment of pain, stiffness, deformity, instability, and loss of cartilage in the joint
51
Goal of Interphalangeal joint arthroplasty?
Relieve pain and to improve hand function Less flexion of the interphalangeal joints is needed for functional use of the index and middle finger than for the fourth and fifth fingers
52
Continuous passive motion machine
Continuous passive motion (CPM) machine provides a slow and controlled passive mechanical force to move a joint through a prescribed or preset ROM
53
What is the most common post-THA complication? What could it lead to?
Thrombosis | could lead to death if thrombi move to lungs
54
Following a THA, when does the risk of dislocation level off?
between 10 and 13 weeks after surgery
55
Following TSA, what is the hardest/ most painful motion to regain?
External rotation but it is important to achieve good ROM
56
What activity is done immediately after or the day after TSA surgery?
PROM of GH joint
57
In a TSA, what has been implicated as a risk factor for not regaining flexion ROM?
Muscle weakness
58
In what position should exercises be performed following a TSA?
In the supine position and progressed to sitting
59
Following a TSA, when can outpatient therapy & AROM activities begin?
10 to 14 days postoperatively
60
What complex is important to strengthen but not overstress in a TSA patient?
rotator cuff
61
What is used to decrease pain and swelling following a TKA?
Cold and compression
62
When should ROM activities begin following TKA surgery? What motions should be stressed?
ROM should be initiated soon after surgery | ROM activities that address both flexion and extension
63
What is essential for a normal gait pattern?
Full knee extension ROM is essential for a normal gait pattern and for efficient quadriceps function to stabilize the knee
64
Why is patellar mobilization important in TKA patients?
Patellar mobilization is very important because the suprapatellar pouch is often where adhesions that limit ROM develop
65
What ROM activities are beneficial following a TEA?
AAROM exercises include flexion-extension, pronation and supination at 90 degrees of elbow flexion
66
What will help return strength and function following a TEA?
Routine performance of ADLs

PT 116 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions