Framework of Larynx

Question 1

Phonation

Answer 1

Vibration of the vocal folds which produces speech voicing

Question 2

What is the energy source for phonation?

Answer 2

Respiration

Question 3

Vocal folds (cords)

Answer 3

Paired band of tissue housed within the larynx. Vibrating component used to produce sound.

Question 4

Adduction

Answer 4

Process of bringing cords together for phonation

Question 5

Abduction

Answer 5

Drawing vocal cords apart to terminate phonation

Question 6

Bernoulli Principle

Answer 6

Given a constant volume of flow of air or fluid, at a a point of constriction there will be a decrease in air pressure and increase in the velocity of flow- hose example

Question 7

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 7

Sits on top of the trachea. Contains arch and posterior quadrate lamina.
Arch- Low narrow portion in front that provides clearance for vocal folds
Posterior quadrate lamina- the wide thick portion in back that provides point of articulation for arytenoid cartilages

Question 8

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 8

Articulates inferiorly with cricoid cartilage- is the largest laryngeal cartilage

Question 9

Thyroid laminae

Answer 9

2 plates of cartilage that make up the anterior surface of thyroid cartilage

Question 10

Inferior and superior cornua of thyroid cartilage

Answer 10

Horns located on the posterior aspect of thyroid cartilage

Question 11

Thyroid angle of thyroid cartilage

Answer 11

Where thyroid laminae join

Question 12

Thyroid notch

Answer 12

Superior most point of thyroid angle

Question 13

Oblique line

Answer 13

Lateral superficial aspect of thyroid laminae

Question 14

Inferior cornua of thyroid cartilage

Answer 14

Project downward to articulate with cricoid cartilage

Question 15

Superior cornua of thyroid cartilage

Answer 15

Projects upward to articulate with hyoid bone

Question 16

Arytenoid cartilages

Answer 16

Paired cartilage that articulates with the lamina of the cricoid cartilage. Forms posterior point of attachment for vocal folds- allowing for onset and offset of voicing. Pyramidal in shape

Question 17

Apex of arytenoid cartilage

Answer 17

Superior portion of arytenoid

Question 18

Base of arytenoid cartilage

Answer 18

Inferior that articulates with cricoid

Question 19

Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

Answer 19

Projects toward thyroid notch for vocal fold attachment

Question 20

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

Answer 20

Lateral portion of arytenoid

Attachment for muscles that adduct and abduct vocal folds

Question 21

Corniculate cartilages

Answer 21

Paired cartilage that rides on the superior (apex) surface of each arytenoid

Question 22

Epiglottis

Answer 22

Unpaired leaf shaped cartilage. Arises from inner surface of angle of thyroid cartilage just below notch.

Question 23

How does the epiglottis attach?

Answer 23

Via thyroepiglottic ligament to thyroid, and joins arytenoid cartilage via aryeppiglottic folds.

Question 24

How does the epiglottis work?

Answer 24

Folds over to protect the airway during swallowing- food passes over epiglottis and into the esophagaus
pizza example

Question 25

Pharyngeal recesses

Answer 25

Valleculae and pyriform sinuses

Question 26

Valleculae

Answer 26

Pair of small indentations between root of tongue and epiglottis. Important landmark in determining swallowing deficits

Question 27

Pyriform sinuses

Answer 27

Small fossae (indentations) between aryepiglottic folds medially and mucous lining of the thyroid cartilage.

Question 28

Valleculae and swallowing- what happens?

Answer 28

During a normal swallow, larynx elevates while epiglotts folds down to protect food and liquid from entering the airway. When compromised, larynx may not elevate and food and liquid accumulates in "little valleys" or valleculae

Question 29

Cuniform cartilages

Answer 29

Small paired cartilage embedded in aryepiglottic folds. Causes small bulge on membrane surface. Also provides support for membranous laryngeal covering.

Question 30

Hyoid bone

Answer 30

Unpaired bone. Only bone unattached to other bone- it is suspended by musculature. Articulates with superior cornu of thyroid cartilage.

Question 31

Corpus of Hyoid bone

Answer 31

Point of attachment for 6 muscles

Question 32

Greater cornu of hyoid bone

Answer 32

Lateral surface of corpus that projects posteriorly

Question 33

Lesser cornu of Hyoid bone

Answer 33

Junction of corpus and greater cornu

Question 34

Laryngectomy

Answer 34

Surgical removal of the larynx. Oral cavity is sealed off from the trachea and lower respiratory passageways. Inability to produce sounds and tracheastomas are put in to allow for breathing.

Question 35

What are the biological functions of the larynx?

Answer 35

Primarily protects the airway from foreign objects Also-- Hold breath, heavy lifting, phonation, childbirth