Fratricide/Ballistics

Question 1

__________________ is the real-time accurate knowledge of one’s own location and orientation, as well as the locations of friendly forces, enemy forces, and noncombatants. _________________includes awareness of the METT-T conditions that affect the operation. 2)

Answer 1

situational awareness,
situational awareness

3-04.3 para 10-2

Question 2

What are the most frequent situational awareness breakdown categories?

Answer 2

Direct fire control,
Navigation, Reporting,
Crosstalk,
Battle tracking,
Weapon errors

(3-04.3 p10-2,3,4,5,6,7)

Question 3

What are the negative effects of fratricide?

Answer 3

Hesitation to conduct limited-visibility operations.
Loss of confidence in the unit’s leadership.
Increase of leader self-doubt.
Hesitation to use supporting combat systems.
Over supervision of units.
Loss of initiative.
Loss of aggressiveness during fire and maneuver.
Disrupted operations.
Needless loss of combat power.
General degradation of cohesion and morale.
(3-04.3 p 10-3 para 10-14)

Question 4

What types of control measures may be employed to prevent fratricide?

Answer 4

Direct fire weapon control measure, Indirect fire control measures, Rehearsals, Graphics, ROC-V

(3-04.3 page 10-3 10-4)

Question 5

____________ problems can cause units to stray out of sector, report wrong locations, become disoriented, or employ fire support weapons from the wrong locations. Therefore, friendly units may collide unexpectedly or engage each other mistakenly.

Answer 5

Navigation
(3-04.3 pg10-1)

Question 6

_________ training focuses on collective situational awareness, particularly at______. It includes training and assessment of the crew’s ability to maintain awareness of the aircraft’s heading and location in relation to both friendly and enemy forces.

Answer 6

Crew,
night
(3-04.3 pg 10-4)

Question 7

May crewmembers use friendly affiliated graphic control measures/icons/symbols to mark enemy locations?

Answer 7

NO (ATM page 4-193, 4-198)

Question 8

If several projectiles are fired from the same weapon with the same elevation and deflection settings, the individual points of impact will be scattered about the aim point. The degree of scatter of these rounds is called _____________.

Answer 8

Dispersion (3-04.3 C-1)

Question 9

The altitude from which the projectile is fired and range to target determines ___________ and ________________.

Answer 9

impact pattern, fragmentation pattern (3-04.3 para C-54)

Question 10

Fragmentation pattern length ____________ with high-angle impacts.

Answer 10

Decreases (3-04.1 para C-54)

Question 11

What are the Interior Ballistics?

Answer 11

Barrel Wear, Propellant Charges, Projectile Weight, Launcher Tube and Rocket Pod Alignment, Thrust Misalignment (3-04.3 pg C-5&6)

Question 12

What are the Exterior Ballistics?

Answer 12

Air Resistance, Gravity, Yaw, Projectile Drift, Wind Drift (3-04.3 pg c5-8)

Question 13

What are the Aerial Ballistics?

Answer 13

Rotor Down-Wash, Angular Rate, Turning Bank, Propellant Force, Center of Gravity, Relative Wind Effect, Trajectory Shift, Port-Starboard Effect, Projectile Jump (3-04.3 pgC 8-13)

Question 14

What are the Terminal Ballistics?

Answer 14

Blast, Heat, and Fragmentation are influenced by fuze and warhead functioning, impact angle, and surface condition. (3-04.3 pg C-13)

Question 15

Define maximum effective range.

Answer 15

Distance at which there is a 50-percent probability of both hitting and defeating a target. (3-04.3 para C-10)

Question 16

What is the definition of ballistics and what are the four types of ballistics?

Answer 16

Ballistics is the science of projectile motion and conditions affecting that motion. Interior, exterior, aerial, and terminal (3-04.3 pg C-5, par C12)

Question 17

What interior ballistic characteristics can the aircrew compensate for?

Answer 17

Aircrews cannot compensate for these characteristics when firing free-flight projectiles. (3-04.3 para C-13)

Question 18

What is the cause of the greatest error for free flight rockets (besides poor pilot technique) and what is done to minimize that error?

Answer 18

Free-flight rockets have an inherent thrust misalignment, which is the greatest cause of error in free flight (3-04.3 page C6, para C-21)

Question 19

Which Exterior Ballistic is not compensated for by the WP/MP?

Answer 19

Yaw (3-04.3 PG C7 PARA C28)

Question 20

What exterior ballistic causes a clockwise spinning projectile to move to the right?

Answer 20

Projectile drift (3-04.3 para C-30)

Question 21

Why is the Aerial Rocket System more accurate when fired from an OGE hover rather than an IGE hover?

Answer 21

IGE launch yields greater dispersion, because the aircraft cannot apply appropriate downwash compensation due to random Induced Flow pattern (ARS SH D-41)

Question 22

What is angular rate error and how do you prevent or minimize it?

Answer 22

Angular rate error is caused by the motion (pitch, roll, and/or yaw) in the launch platform as a projectile leaves the weapon. Steady platform. (3-04.3 p C-9)

Question 23

What are the aerial ballistic characteristics affecting fin-stabilized projectiles?

Answer 23

Propellant force, CG, relative wind (3-04.3 page C-10)

Question 24

What causes a rocket to seek into a crosswind or impact past the target when fired during an accelerating climb?

Answer 24

Relative wind Effect (3-04.3 page PG C11 PARA C45)

Question 25

What is projectile jump and when does it occur when firing from a hover?

Answer 25

Projectile jump occurs when a crew fires a weapon from an aircraft in flight and the weapon's muzzle is pointed in any direction other than into the relative wind (figure C-14). Projectile jump begins when the projectile experiences an initial yaw as it leaves the muzzle. The jump occurs due to the precession (change in axis of rotation) induced by crosswind. The amount of jumps is proportional to the projectile's initial yaw. Firing to the right produces a downward jump; firing to the left produces an upward jump. Compensation is not required when the gunner fires from a hover. (3-04.3 pg c13 para c51)

Question 26

Is Projectile Jump compensated by WP/MP?

Answer 26

No (AWS SH D-73)

Question 27

What determines the amount of lead required when firing off axis to the right or left?

Answer 27

Aircraft airspeed, angle of deflection, projectile velocity, and target range. (3-04.3 C-49, P C12)

Question 28

What is it called when projectile drift and trajectory shift combine with each other?

Answer 28

Port/ starboard effect (3-04.3 page C-12)

Question 29

What are three factors that affect dispersion discussed in conjunction with terminal ballistics?

Answer 29

Vibration, sights, boresights (3-04.3 c-56-58)

Question 30

_________ is additional type of fragmentation is produced by target structure itself.

Answer 30

Spall (3-04.3 pg C-18

Question 31

At approximately ____ knots indicated forward airspeed, the influence vector is moved just aft of the rocket launcher forward bulkhead, thus reducing down wash to_____.

Answer 31

33, zero (3-04.3 C-21 3-04.3)

Question 32

With the _________ as the selected sight, lead-angle compensation is not computed or added to the gun turret or rocket pylon position command, nor is the target state estimator employed.

Answer 32

IHADSS (TC3-04.3 C-21)