Freedom Movement

Question 1

In 1897 — The___________ were deported without trial and ________ and others, imprisoned on charges of sedition

Answer 1

Natu brothers
Tilak

Question 2

In 1904 — Official Secrets Act was introduced for?

Answer 2

curbed freedom of press

Question 3

Who were the representatives of militant school of thought?

Answer 3

Bengal: Raj Narain Bose, Ashwini Kumar Dutta, Aurobindo Ghosh, and Bipin Chandra Pal

MH: Vishnu Shastri Chiplunkar and Bal Gangadhar Tilak

PJ: Lala Lajpat Rai

Question 4

When was decision of Partition of Bengal made public?

How would Bengal be partitioned?
What were the new capitals?

What was the official reason for partition and what was the real reason?

On what basis was partition carried out?

Answer 4

Dec 1903

2 provinces

1. Bengal comprising Western Bengal + provinces of Bihar and Orissa
   Capital: Kolkata
2. Eastern Bengal, and Assam.
   Capital: Dacca

Official reason:
Bengal had become too big to be administered.

partition would help in the development of Assam if it came under the direct jurisdiction of the govt.

Real motive:
British desire to weaken Bengal, the nerve centre of Indian nationalism

Bengal was divided on 2 basis:
1. on the basis of language, thus reducing the Bengalis to a minority in Bengal itself
(as in the new proposal Bengal proper was to have 17 million Bengalis and 37 million Hindi and Oriya speakers);

2. on the basis of religion, as the western half was
   to be a Hindu majority area (42 million out of a
   total 54 million) and the eastern half was to be a
   Muslim majority area (18 million out of a total of
   31 million).

Question 5

Anti-Partition campaigns under moderates

1. Who provided leadership?
2. What methods of struggle were used?
3. Newspapers used at the time to spread propaganda against partition

Answer 5

1. Surendranath Banerjea, K.K. Mitra, and Prithwishchandra Ray
2. petitions to the government, public meetings, memoranda, and propaganda through pamphlets and newspapers

exerting pressure on the govt

3. Hitabadi, Sanjibani, and Bengalee

Question 6

Despite public opinion against the partition proposal, the government announced the partition of Bengal in ___________.

When was formal proclamation of Swadeshi movement made?

____________, the day the partition formally came
into force, was observed as a ______________throughout Bengal.

What did people do in response to the Partition?

_______________and ______________, secretary of the _________________________ at the time, appealed to the people to observe _______________ on the date the partition came into effect

Later in the day, __________ and ________________ addressed huge gatherings. Within a few hours
of the meeting, Rs 50,000 was raised for the movement.

The other parts the movement spread to and under whose leadership?

Answer 6

July 1905

On August 7, 1905, with the passage of the Boycott Resolution in a massive meeting held in the Calcutta Townhall,

October 16, 1905
day of mourning

• People fasted, bathed in the Ganga, and walked
  barefoot in processions singing Bande Mataram
• ‘Amar Sonar Bangla’, the national anthem of present-day Bangladesh, was composed by
  Rabindranath Tagore and sung by huge crowds marching in the streets.

Rabindranath Tagore and Ramendrasundar Trivedi, secretary of the Bangiya Sahitya Parishad Rakshabandhan

Surendranath Banerjea and Ananda Mohan Bose

Poona and Bombay under Tilak
Punjab under Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh
Delhi under Syed Haider Raza
Madras under Chidambaram Pillai

Question 7

INC 1905 session
- where?
- president?
- what did they focus on?

What did the militant nationalists want?

INC 1906 session
- where?
- presidentship?
- important declaration?

The Moderate-Extremist dispute over the _______________ and____________________ reached a deadlock at the Surat session of the INC (1907) where the party split with serious consequences for the Swadeshi Movement.

The Extremists wanted the 1907 session to be held in ________________________ with __________ as the president along with a reiteration of the ________________ resolutions.

The Moderates wanted the session at ____________ in order to exclude _____________from the presidency, since a leader from the host province could not be session president. Instead, they wanted ______________ as the president and sought to drop the resolutions on __________________

Spilt occurred leaving the Congress dominated by the Moderates who lost no time in reiterating Congress’ commitment to the ______________________and to the use of ________________________only to achieve this goal.

Answer 7

Benaras
Gokhale
(i) condemn the partition of Bengal and the reactionary policies of Curzon

(ii) support the anti-partition and Swadeshi Movement of Bengal

wanted the movement to be taken outside Bengal to other parts of the country and go beyond a boycott of foreign goods ( include boycott of government service, law courts, legislative councils) to become a full-fledged political mass struggle with the goal of attaining swaraj.

Moderates were not willing. They advocated constitutional methods

INC 1906 session
- Calcutta
- Dadabhai Naoroji
the Extremists wanted either Tilak or Lajpat Rai as the president
Moderates proposed the name of Dadabhai Naoroji, who was widely respected by all the nationalists.

• declared that the goal of the INC was “self-government or swaraj like the United Kingdom or
  the colonies” of Australia or Canada.

The Extremists, encouraged by the proceedings at the Calcutta session, gave a call for wide passive resistance and boycott of schools, colleges, legislative councils, municipalities, law courts, etc.

The Moderates, encouraged by the news that council reforms were on the anvil, decided to tone down the Calcutta programme. The Moderates saw in the council reforms an opportunity to realise their dream of Indian participation in the administration.

pace of the movement and techniques of struggle

Nagpur (Central Provinces) with Tilak or Lajpat Rai as the president along with a reiteration of the swadeshi, boycott, and national education resolutions.

Surat in order to exclude Tilak from the presidency
Rashbehari Ghosh as the president and sought to drop the resolutions on swadeshi, boycott, and national education.

reiterating Congress’ commitment to the goal of self-government within the British Empire and to the use of constitutional methods only

Question 8

Extremists gave a call for ____________________ in addition to swadeshi and boycott which would
include what?

Answer 8

passive resistance

boycott of government schools and colleges, government service
courts
legislative councils,
municipalities
government titles, etc.

Question 9

What were the forms of struggle under militant nationalist?

Answer 9

1. boycott of foreign goods
2. Public meetings and processions
   - means of mass mobilization

3.corps of volunteers and Samitis
- Swadesh Bandhab Samiti : Ashwini Kumar Dutta
- Swadeshi Sangam: V.O. Chidambaram Pillai, Subramania Siva, and some lawyers, TN

4. use of traditional popular festivals and melas
5. emphasis on self-reliance (atma-shakti)
   - social reforms campaign
6. Program of Swadeshi/National education
   - Raja Subodh Mullick made a contribution towards the foundation of a national university in Bengal
   - A National Council of Education was set up on August 15, 1906
   - Bengal National College and Bengal Technical Institute were established.
7. Swadeshi or indigenous enterprises
   Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company, national ship building enterprise: V O Chidambaram pillai

members of the Tagore family and other leaders had been organising melas (fairs) to exhibit Indian handicrafts

Rabindranath’s Swadeshi Bhandar (1897)
Jogeshchandra Chaudhuri’s Indian Stores (1901)
Sarala Debi’s Lakshmir Bhandar (1903)

The Bengal Chemicals factory was established
by Prafullachandra Ray in 1893, and attempts were made to manufacture porcelain in 1901,

8. Impact in the cultural sphere
   In Tamil Nadu, Subramania Bharati wrote Sudesha Geetham
   Abanindranath Tagore - Indian paintings
   Nandalal bose - first recipient of a scholarship offered by the Indian Society of Oriental Art
   Jagdish Chandra Bose, Prafullachandra Roy pioneered orginal research

Question 10

The first principal of the Bengal National
College was________________ and its first president was _______________.

The college was inspired by __________________

Answer 10

Aurobindo Ghosh

Rashbehari Ghosh

Tagore’s school at Shantiniketan which had been set up in 1901.

Question 11

Dawn Society is associated with
newspaper?

Answer 11

Satishchandra Mukherjee
Dawn

Question 12

Mukherjee pioneered the national education movement by founding the _____________in 1895.

He took a leading part in the formation of the
________________ and later became a lecturer
in the _____________________, and its principal when
Aurobindo resigned.

Answer 12

Bhagabat Chatuspathi

National Council of Education
Bengal National College

Question 13

Which classes of citizens participated in Swadeshi movement?

Answer 13

students, women, sections of zamindari and lower middle class

While some muslims participated, others didn’t
Some of the Muslims participated— Barrister Abdul Rasul, Liaqat Hussain, Guznavi, Maulana Azad

most of the upper and middle class Muslims stayed away or, led by Nawab Salimullah of Dacca
also, didn’t garner support of Muslim peasantry

All India Muslim League: formed in 1905

Labour strikes were held
Subramania Siva and Chidambaram Pillai led strikes in Tuticorin and Tirunelveli in a foreign-owned cotton mill.

In Rawalpindi (Punjab), the arsenal and railway workers went on strike led by Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh.

Question 14

annul the partition of Bengal in ___________, mainly to ________________________

Answer 14

1911
curb the menace of revolutionary terrorism

Question 15

Who retired from active politics after Swadeshi movement?

Answer 15

Aurobindo Ghosh and Bipin Chandra Pal

Question 16

Who were two groups in WWI?

Answer 16

In the First World War (1914–19)

Britain allied with France, Russia, USA, Italy, and Japan

Vs

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey

Question 17

What was the nationalist response to Brit participation in WWI?

The Indian supporters of British war efforts failed to see that the imperialist powers were fighting to ___________________

Answer 17

(i) Moderates supported the empire in the war as
a matter of duty

(ii) Extremists, including Tilak (who was released
in June 1914), supported the war efforts in the mistaken belief that Britain would repay India’s loyalty with gratitude in the form of self-government

(iii) revolutionaries decided to utilise the
opportunity to wage a war on British rule and
liberate the country.

safeguard their own colonies and markets.

Question 18

The ____________________ was the Indian response to the WWI

Who were the prominent leaders?

What was the need for the movement?

Answer 18

Home Rule Movement

Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Annie Besant, G.S. Khaparde, Sir S. Subramania Iyer, Joseph Baptista, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah among others

necessary to have a national alliance that would work throughout the year (unlike the Congress which had annual sessions) with the main objective of demanding self-government or home rule for all of India within the British commonwealth.

This alliance was to be the All India Home Rule League along the lines of the Irish Home Rule
League.

Question 19

Annie Besant campaigned for self-government (Home Rule League) for India through her newspapers–?

Answer 19

New India and Commonweal

Question 20

Extremists were reunited with INC in which session?

Answer 20

1916,Lucknow
Presided: Ambica Charan Mazumdar
due to efforts of Annie Besant and Tilak

Question 21

What was Congress response to Annie Besant wanted to set up home rule league?

Answer 21

At the annual session of the Congress in 1915, Besant failed to get the Congress to approve her scheme of Home Rule Leagues, the Congress
did commit itself to a programme of educative propaganda and to a revival of local-level Congress committees.

Not willing to wait for too long, Besant laid the condition that if the Congress did not implement its commitments, she would be free to set up her own league—which she finally had to, as there was no response from the Congress.

Question 22

Tilak set up his _________________ in April 1916.
1st meeting:?
HQ: ?
Areas it worked: ?

It had ____ branches and the demands were?

Answer 22

Indian Home Rule League

Belgaum
Poona

Maharashtra (excluding Bombay city), Karnataka, Central Provinces, and Berar.

6 branches

Demands
swarajya, formation of linguistic states and education in the vernacular

Question 23

Annie Besant set up her _____________ in
September 1916 in______________ and covered the
_________________.

organising secretary:?
Other members:?

Answer 23

All-India Home Rule League

Madras (now Chennai)

rest of India (including Bombay city)

George Arundale

B.W. Wadia and C.P. Ramaswamy Aiyar

Question 24

Leaders who later joined Home rule league?

_________________ led the Bombay division of Home rule league

Answer 24

Motilal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru
Bhulabhai Desai
Chittaranjan Das,
K.M. Munshi
B. Chakravarti
Saifuddin Kitchlew
Madan Mohan Malaviya
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Tej Bahadur Sapru,
Lala Lajpat Rai.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Many of the Moderate Congressmen who were disillusioned with Congress inactivity

some members of Gokhale’s Servants of India Society also joined

Question 25

Who didn't join Home rule league movement?

Answer 25

Anglo-Indians most of the Muslims non-brahmins from the South did not join as they felt Home Rule would mean rule of the Hindu majority, and that too mainly by the high caste.

Question 26

What was Govt response to Home rule league movement?

Answer 26

severe repression Tilak was barred from entering Punjab and Delhi. In June 1917, Annie Besant and her associates, B.P. Wadia and George Arundale, were arrested. Released in Sep 1917 This invited nationwide protest. Sir S. Subramania Aiyar renounced his knighthood, while Tilak advocated a programme of passive resistance.

Question 27

By when did Home rule league movement fade out? Reasons for decline?

Answer 27

1919 1. lack of effective organisation. 2. Communal riots 3. passive resistance 4. Montague Chelmford reforms held self-government as the long-term goal of the British rule in India pacified moderates 5. leaderless-ness Tilak had to go abroad (September 1918) in connection with a libel case against Valentine Chirol whose book, Indian Unrest, had featured Tilak as responsible for the agitational politics that had developed in India. 6. Gandhi’s fresh approach to the struggle for freedom was slowly gaining popularity

Question 28

In 1920, ________________accepted the presidentship of the All India Home Rule League and changed the organisation’s name to ______________. Within a year, however, the league _________________

Answer 28

Gandhi Swarajya Sabha joined the Indian National Congress

Question 29

Most of the political associations in the early half of the 19th century were dominated by _____________. They were ______________ in character. What were the main demands of these early org? The political associations of the second half of the 19th century came to be increasingly dominated by the _______________

Answer 29

wealthy and aristocratic elements local or regional ● administrative reforms; ● association of Indians with the administration; ● spread of education. educated middle class—the lawyers, journalists, doctors, teachers, etc.,—and they had a wider perspective and a larger agenda.

Question 30

Political associations before Congress in Bengal

Answer 30

Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha1836 Zamindari Association, aka the ‘Landholders’ Society’ Bengal British India Society 1843 British Indian Association 1851 East India Association 1866 Indian League 1875 Indian Association of Calcutta (also known as the Indian National Association) 1876

Question 31

Political associations before Congress in Bombay

Answer 31

Poona Sarvajanik Sabha 1867 Bombay Presidency Association 1885

Question 32

Political associations before Congress in Madras

Answer 32

Madras Mahajan Sabha 1884

Question 33

Pre-congress campaigns

Answer 33

1. for imposition of import duty on cotton (1875) 2. for Indianisation of government service (1878–79) 3. against Lytton’s Afghan adventure 4. against Arms Act (1878) 5. against Vernacular Press Act (1878) 6. for right to join volunteer corps 7. against plantation labour and against Inland Emigration Act 8. in support of Ilbert Bill 9. for an All-India Fund for Political Agitation 10. campaign in Britain to vote for pro-India party 11. against reduction in maximum age for appearing in Indian Civil Service

Question 34

_____________ took up the question of reduction in maximum age for appearing in civil services exam (1877) and organised an all-India agitation against it, popularly known as the __________________ It led a campaign against the repressive ____________ and the______________________.

Answer 34

Indian Association Indian Civil Service agitation. The association demanded simultaneous holding of civil service examination in England and India and Indianisation of higher administrative posts. arms act and vernacular press act

Question 35

Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha was formed by

Answer 35

associates of Raja Rammohan Roy

Question 36

‘Landholders’ Society’, was founded to safeguard the interests of the landlords. Although limited in its objectives, the Landholders’ Society marked the beginning of ___________________ What was objective of Bengal British India Society?

Answer 36

an organised political activity and use of methods of constitutional agitation for the redressal of grievances. collection and dissemination of information relating to the actual condition of the people of British India secure the welfare and advance the interests of all classes of our fellow subjects

Question 37

British Indian Association was formed by merger of ? 1st President of British Indian Association It sent a petition to the British Parliament demanding inclusion of some of its suggestions in the renewed Charter of the Company, such as: These were partially accepted when the ________________ provided for the ____________

Answer 37

Landholders’ Society and the Bengal British India Society Radhakanta Deb Demands (i) establishment of a separate legislature of a popular character; (ii) separation of executive from judicial functions; (iii) reduction in salaries of higher officers; and (iv) abolition of salt duty, abkari, and stamp duties. Charter Act of 1853 addition of 6 members to the governor general’s council for legislative purposes

Question 38

East India Association was organised by _____________________ in 1866 in _____________ to discuss the __________________ Later, branches of the association were started in __________________. The Indian League was started in 1875 by _____________ with the object of _______________

Answer 38

Dadabhai Naoroji London Indian question and influence public men in England to promote Indian welfare prominent Indian cities Sisir Kumar Ghosh stimulating the sense of nationalism amongst the people” and of encouraging political education.

Question 39

The Indian Association of Calcutta (also known as the Indian National Association) superseded the _____________ and was founded in 1876 by _____________ led by ________________ and _______________, who were getting discontented with the conservative and pro-landlord policies of the _____________________. The Indian Association was the most important of pre-Congress associations and aimed to “promote by every legitimate means the _____________________ advancement of the people.” The association sponsored an ____________________ which first took place in Calcutta from December 28 to 30, 1883. It later merged with the _________ in 1886.

Answer 39

Indian League younger nationalists of Bengal Surendranath Banerjea and Ananda Mohan Bose British Indian Association political, intellectual and material It set out to: (i) create a strong public opinion on political questions (ii) unify Indian people in a common political programme. Branches of the association were opened in other towns and cities of Bengal and even outside Bengal. The membership fee was kept low in order to attract the poorer sections to the association. all-India conference the association was a forerunner of the Indian National Congress as an all-India nationalist organisation INC

Question 40

Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded in 1867 by ___________, with the object of serving as a bridge between the government and the people. Bombay Presidency Association was started by?

Answer 40

Mahadev Govind Ranade and others Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozeshah Mehta, and K.T. Telang

Question 41

The Madras Mahajan Sabha was founded in 1884 by 1st secretary

Answer 41

M. Viraraghavachari (also, Veeraraghavachariar), B.Subramania Aiyer, and P. Anandacharlu. Balaji rao

Question 42

What was the Khilafat issue? Khilafat committee was formed under the leadership of

Answer 42

Muslims were angered by the treatment meted out to Turkey by the British after the First World War. Turkey was dismembered and the Khalifa removed from power. Ali brothers (Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali), Maulana Azad, Ajmal Khan, and Hasrat Mohani, to force the British government to change its attitude towards Turkey

Question 42

What was the Khilafat issue? Khilafat committee was formed under the leadership of _______________ held in _______________ in November 1919, a call was made for the boycott of British goods. _______________ , who was the president of the _______________ Committee, saw in the issue a platform from which mass and united non cooperation could be declared against the Government.

Answer 42

Muslims were angered by the treatment meted out to Turkey by the British after the First World War. Turkey was dismembered and the Khalifa removed from power. Ali brothers (Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali), Maulana Azad, Ajmal Khan, and Hasrat Mohani, to force the British government to change its attitude towards Turkey All India Khilafat Conference, Delhi boycott of British goods Gandhi presient of All India Khilafat committee

Question 43

W.r.t NCM-Khilafat, __________________ was opposed to having an alliance with Muslim leaders over a religious issue, and he was also sceptical of ______________ as an instrument of politics. There was opposition from some members of congress to some of the other provisions of the Gandhi’s non-cooperation programme also, such as_____________________. Later, however, Gandhi was able to get the approval of the Congress for his programme of political action

Answer 43

Tilak satyagraha boycott of councils

Question 44

How did the NCM unfold?

Answer 44

Feb 1920: joint Hindu-Muslim deputation to viceroy mission proved abortive May 1920: Treaty of Sevres which dismembered Turkey June 1920: all-party conference at Allahabad approved boycott of schools, colleges, and law courts, and asked Gandhi to lead it. Aug 31, 1920: Khilafat Committee started a campaign of non-cooperation, and the movement was formally launched. Sep 1920: special session of congress at calcutta approved a non-cooperation programme till the Punjab and Khilafat wrongs were removed and swaraj was established. Dec 1920: Nagpur session of congress presided by: C Vijayaraghavachariar

Question 45

The programme of NCM included

Answer 45

● boycott of government schools and colleges ● boycott of law courts ------------> dispensation of justice through panchayats ● boycott of legislative councils boycotted elections held in November 1920 ● boycott of foreign cloth ---> khadi + also practice of hand-spinning ● renunciation of government honours and titles; the second phase could include mass civil disobedience including resignation from government service, and non-payment of taxes. participants were supposed to work for Hindu-Muslim unity and for removal of untouchability, all the time remaining non-violent.

Question 46

INC session in Dec 1920 presided by: What was done? a ________________ committee of ____members was set up to lead the Congress from now onwards _______________committees on ___________ basis were organised ____________ committees were organised

Answer 46

Nagpur session C Vijayaraghavachariar (i) programme of non-cooperation was endorsed. (ii) An important change instead of having the attainment of self government through constitutional means as its goal, the Congress decided to have the attainment of swaraj through peaceful and legitimate means, thus committing itself to an extra-constitutional mass struggle. (iii) organisational changes a congress working committee (CWC) of 15 members was set up to lead the Congress from now onwards provincial congress committees on linguistic basis were organised ward committees were organised and entry fee was reduced to four annas. (iv) Gandhi declared that if the NCM programme was implemented completely, swaraj would be ushered in within a year. Many groups of revolutionary terrorists, especially those from Bengal, also pledged support to the Congress programme.

Question 47

At this stage, some leaders like _______________________left the Congress as they believed in a constitutional and lawful struggle, while some others like _______________ founded the ____________________

Answer 47

Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, G.S. Kharpade, and B.C. Pal Surendranath Banerjea Indian National Liberal Federation

Question 48

educational institutions were organised under the leadership of ?

Answer 48

Acharya Narendra Dev, C.R. Das, Lala Lajpat Rai, Zakir Hussain, Subhash Bose Subhash Chandra Bose: became the principal of National College at Calcutta Institutions: Jamia Millia at Aligarh, Kashi Vidyapeeth, Gujarat Vidyapeeth, and Bihar Vidyapeeth.

Question 49

The ________________ Fund was oversubscribed and one crore rupees were collected

Answer 49

Tilak Swaraj Fund

Question 50

During NCM __________________ against union board taxes in __________________ and in __________________ was going on. In Assam what was organised? _______________ was a prominent leader in these strikes. In November 1921, the visit of the ________________ to India invited strikes and demonstrations. local struggles during NCM?

Answer 50

no-tax movement Midnapore (Bengal) and Guntur (Andhra) Assam: strikes in tea plantations, steamer services, and Assam-Bengal Railways J.M. Sengupta Prince of Wales Awadh Kisan Movement (UP), Eka Movement (UP), Mappila Revolt (Malabar), and the Sikh agitation for the removal of mahants in Punjab.

Question 51

How was the people's response to NCM? Middle class Business class Peasants Students Women Muslim

Answer 51

Middle class: led the movement at the beginning, but later they showed a lot of reservations about Gandhi’s programme. In places like Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras, which were centres of elite politicians, the response to Gandhi’s call was very limited. Rajendra Prasad in Bihar and Vallabhbhai Patel in Gujarat provided solid support Business class economic boycott received support they had benefited from the nationalists’ emphasis on the use of swadeshi. One section remained skeptical due to fear of labour unrest Peasants: massive participation movement gave an opportunity to express their real feelings against the British as well as against their Indian masters and oppressors (landlords and traders) Students: active volunteers left government schools and colleges and joined national schools and colleges Women: They joined the movement in large numbers gave up purdah and offered their ornaments for the Tilak Fund. Muslims: massive participation and communal unity

Question 52

Dec 1921 congress session presided by

Answer 52

Ahmedabad session presided over, incidentally, by C.R. Das while still in jail; Hakim Ajmal Khan was the acting president

Question 53

On February 1, 1922, Gandhi threatened to launch ______________________ from _______________ if:?

Answer 53

civil disobedience from Bardoli (Gujarat) (i) political prisoners were not released (ii) press controls were not removed.

Question 54

Viceroy during NCM

Answer 54

Reading

Question 55

Govt legislations between 1907-1911 to check anti-govt activity mainly targeting ____________________?

Answer 55

extremists Seditious Meetings Act, 1907 Indian Newspapers (Incitement to Offences) Act, 1908 Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1908 Indian Press Act, 1910

Question 56

Tilak Extremist leader, was tried in 1909 for _________________ for what he had written in 1908 in his Kesari After Surat Split, ________________ and _________________ retired from active politics. ________________ left for abroad.

Answer 56

sedition sentenced for 6 years and transported to Mandalay (Burma) Aurobindo and B.C. Pal Lajpat Rai

Question 57

What was the policy of Brits against Congress to rally Moderates against Extremists?

Answer 57

policy of ‘carrot and stick’ three-pronged approach of repression-conciliation-suppression. 1. the Extremists were to be repressed mildly, mainly to frighten the Moderates. 2. the Moderates were to be placated through some concessions, and hints were to be dropped that more reforms would be forthcoming if the distance from the Extremists was maintained. this would isolate extremists 3. With the Moderates on its side, the government could suppress the Extremists with its full might; the Moderates could then be ignored.

Question 58

In October 1906, a group of Muslim elites called the ______________________, led by ___________, met Lord Minto and demanded separate electorates for the Muslims Supported by Muslim league, floated by _______________________along with _____________and _________________ in December 1906. The Muslim League intended to ______________________ ____________________ also went to England to meet the Secretary of State for India, John Morley, to put Congress demands of self-governing system similar to that in the other British colonies.

Answer 58

Simla deputation Agha Khan Nawab Salimullah of Dacca along with Nawabs Mohsin-ul-Mulk and Waqar-ul-Mulk preach loyalty to the empire and to keep the Muslim intelligentsia away from the Congress. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Question 58

In October 1906, a group of Muslim elites called the ______________________, led by ___________, met Lord Minto and demanded separate electorates for the Muslims Supported by Muslim league, floated by _______________________along with _____________and _________________ in December 1906. The Muslim League intended to ______________________ ____________________ also went to England to meet the Secretary of State for India, John Morley, to put Congress demands of self-governing system similar to that in the other British colonies.

Answer 58

Simla deputation Agha Khan Nawab Salimullah of Dacca along with Nawabs Mohsin-ul-Mulk and Waqar-ul-Mulk preach loyalty to the empire and to keep the Muslim intelligentsia away from the Congress. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Question 59

Dec 1928 INC session presided by Main aspects of the session

Answer 59

Calcutta Motilal Nehru Nehru report was approved younger elements led by Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose and Satyamurthy dissatisfied with demand for dominion status rather than purna swaraj The older leaders like Gandhi and Motilal Nehru wished that the dominion status demand not be dropped in haste, as consensus over it had been developed with great difficulty over the years. They suggested that a two-year grace period be given to the government to accept the demand for a dominion status. Later, under pressure from the younger elements, this period was reduced to one year. Congress decided that if the government did not accept a constitution based on dominion status by the end of the year, they'd not only demand complete independence but also launch a civil disobedience movement

Question 60

Congress Working Committee (CWC) organised a ______________________ to propagate an aggressive programme of ____________________. _______________ initiated the campaign in March 1929 in _______________ and was arrested.

Answer 60

Foreign Cloth Boycott Committee boycotting foreign cloth and public burning of foreign cloth Gandhi Calcutta

Question 61

What did the Irwin's declaration mainly say?

Answer 61

October 31, 1929 promised dominion status eventually However, there was no time scale also promised RTC after simmon commission submitted their report

Question 62

What was the Delhi manifesto about?

Answer 62

Nov 1929 conference of prominent national leaders issued a ‘Delhi Manifesto Conditions for attending RTC 1. purpose of RTC to formulate a constitution for implementation of the dominion status and not to determine whether or when dominion status has to be reached Principle of dominion status should be immediately accepted 2.Congress should have maj rep 3. there should be a general amnesty for political prisoners and a policy of conciliation Gandhi along with Motilal Nehru and other political leaders met Lord Irwin in December 1929 Irwin rejects Delhi Manifesto

Question 63

INC session 1929 presided by

Answer 63

Lahore Jawaharlal Nehru- mainly due to Gandhi's backing Imp resolutions Resolution for ‘Poorna Swaraj.’ RTC boycotted Congress Working Committee authorised to launch a civil disobedience prog., including non-payment of taxes, and all members of legislatures were asked to resign their seats. 26 January, 1930 to be observed as first ‘Independence Day’. December 31, 1929: at midnight, banks of river Ravi the newly adopted tricolour flag of freedom was hoisted by Jawaharlal Nehru amidst slogans of Inquilab Zindabad.

Question 64

What were Gandhi's 11 demands to Govt before launch of CDM?

Answer 64

Gandhi presented 11 demands to the government and gave an ultimatum of January 31, 1930 to accept or reject these demands. Issues of General Interest 1. Reduce expenditure on army and civil services by 50% 2. Introduce total prohibition. 3. Carry out reforms in Criminal Investigation Dept (CID). 4. Change Arms Act allowing popular control of issue of firearms licences. 5. Release political prisoners. 6. Accept Postal Reservation Bill. Specific Bourgeois Demands 7. Reduce rupee-sterling exchange ratio to 1s 4d 8. Introduce textile protection. 9. Reserve coastal shipping for Indians. Specific Peasant Demands 10. Reduce land revenue by 50% 11. Abolish salt tax and government’s salt monopoly. No positive response from Govt Congress Working Committee invested Gandhi with full powers to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement at a time and place of his choice.

Question 65

CDM On ________________, Gandhi informed the viceroy of his plan of action. According to this plan, Gandhi, along with a band of ____ members of Sabarmati Ashram, was to march from his headquarters in Ahmedabad through the villages of Gujarat for 240 miles. On reaching the coast at Dandi, the salt law was to be violated by collecting salt from the beach. The historic march, marking the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement, began on _____________, and Gandhi broke the salt law by picking up a lump of salt at Dandi on _____________.

Answer 65

March 2, 1930 Gandhi + 78 members March 12, 1930 - April 6, 1930

Question 66

What were Gandhi's instruction for CDM and Salt March?

Answer 66

● Wherever possible, civil disobedience of the salt law should be started. ● Foreign liquor and cloth shops can be picketed. ● refuse to pay taxes ● Lawyers can give up practice. ● Public can boycott law courts by refraining from litigation. ● Government servants can resign from their posts. ● All these should be subject to one condition—truth and non-violence as means to attain swaraj should be faithfully adhered to. ● Local leaders should be obeyed after Gandhi’s arrest.

Question 67

CDM in different places TN Malabar Andhra Region Orissa Assam Bengal Bihar Peshawar Sholapur (MH) Dharasana (GJ) GJ MH, KA and Central provinces United provinces Manipur and Nagaland

Answer 67

TN April, 1930- C. Rajagopalachari organized a march from Thiruchirapalli to Vedaranniyam on Tanjore coast to break salt law violent eruption of masses followed by violent repression Choolai mills strike Malabar K. Kelappan (associated with Vaikom Satyagragha) organsed salt marches Krishna Pillai (future founder of Kerala Communist movement) defended national flag under lathi charge in Calicut beach Andhra region District salt marches sibiram (military style camps) mass support like NCM missing **Orissa** Gopalbandhu Choudhuri- salt satagragh Assam divisive issues, CDM not achieve its peak successful student strike against Cunningham circular banning students from participation in politics Chandraprabha Saikiani incited people in Kachari villages to break forest laws Bengal Bengal congress divided into 2 factions led by S C Bose and J M Sengupta involved in Calcutta corporation election communal riots and little muslim participation violence was seen salt satyagraha and no-chaukidari tax movement developed **Bihar** Champaran and Saran - started salt satygraha Patna, Nakhas Pond was used to make salt under Ambika Kant Sinha *Tribal belt of Chotanagpur* - lower class militancy - Bonga Manjhi and Somra Manjhi leaders - big zamindars remained loyal to govt - some small zamindars and well-off tenants participants **Peshawar** Khan Abdul gaffar Khan - Frontier Gandhi, aka, Badshah Khan - work with Pathans - released **Puktoon**: first Pushto political weekly - organised volunteer brigade "**Khudai Khidmatgars**" or **Red Shirts** **Sholapur, MH** - Textile workers went on strike - burnt symbols of Govt authority - established parallel govt **Dharasana, GJ** - On May 21, 1930, Sarojini Naidu, Imam Sahib, and Manilal (Gandhi’s son) took up the unfinished task of leading a raid on the Dharasana Salt Works. - faced severe lathi-charge **Gujarat** - no tax movement and refusal to pay land revenue - Villagers crossed the border into neighbouring princely states (such as Baroda) with their families and belongings and camped in the open for months to evade police repression. - Police destroyed their homes and confiscated their property **Maharastra, Karnataka and Central provinces** - defiance of forest laws such as grazing and timber restrictions and public sale of illegally acquired forest produce **United Provinces** - no rent campaign by peasants - zamindars were loyal to Brit **Manipur and Nagaland** - Rani Gaidinliu (Naga spiritual leader) and her cousin Haipou Jadonang revolt against Brit - urged not to pay taxes or work for Brit

Question 68

____________________ arrest in April 1930 for defiance of the salt law evoked huge demonstrations in Madras, Calcutta, and Karachi. ____________________ arrest came on May 4, 1930 when he had announced that he would lead a raid on Dharasana Salt Works After ____________ arrest, the CWC sanctioned:

Answer 68

Nehru’s Gandhi’s ● non-payment of revenue in ryotwari areas; ● no-chowkidara-tax campaign in zamindari areas; ● violation of forest laws in the Central Provinces.

Question 69

MacDonald Award was based on the rec of which committee

Answer 69

Indian Franchise committee/Lothian Committee

Question 70

Gandhiji's initiatives against untouchability

Answer 70

All India Anti-untouchability League, Sep 1932 weekly Harijan

Question 71

Hind Swaraj is written by

Answer 71

Gandhiji

Question 72

What is was on Mar 23, 1943?

Answer 72

Pakistan Day