Fresher's Flu Flashcards
Cold symptoms?
common: cough, sneezing, aches and pains, runny nose, sore throat
NO diarrhoea, shortness of breath
Flu symptoms?
common: fever, fatigue, (usually dry) cough, aches and pains, headaches
NO shortness of breath or sneezing
Covid symptoms
common: fever, dry cough, loss of smell/taste
NO sneezing
what is the cold caused by?
rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, influenza B
what is the flu caused by?
influenza virus
what is covid 19 caused by?
SARS cov2
receptors on influenza A and B
haemagglutinin and neuraminidase
what does influenza bind to on the host cell
sialic acid
what does rhinovirus bind to on the host cell?
ICAM1
what does coronavirus bind to on the host cell?
ACE2
mechanism of influenza into host cells?
- haemagglutinin binds to sialic acid
- haemagglutination
- network of RBCs and virus particles
- NA (glycoside hydrolase enzyme) cleaves sialic acid from glycoprotein galactose
- viruses released from cells
- viruses infect other cells
what’s antigenic drift?
- natural mutations result in small genetic changes
- over time, mutations produce viruses with different antigenic properties
- loss of immunity/ need for yearly vaccines
occurs in all influenza subtypes
what’s antigenic shift?
- abrupt major change in genetic material
- formation of a new influenza a subtype which requires an entirely new antigenic response
mechanism of antigenic shift
- 2 or more different strains infect the same cell
- genetic material combines to produce progeny with new antigen combos
- usually happens in other animals e.g. pigs- can be infected by avian and human strains.
what are Zola’s triggers?
- Interpersonal crisis
- interference with social or personal relations
- sanctioning
- interference with work activities
- temporalizing
