hai Flashcards
6 links in the chain of infection
1- infectious agent
2- reservoir
3- portal of exit
4- mode of transmission
5. portal of entry
6. susceptible host
5 times you should do hand hygiene to prevent disease transmission in hospital
1- before patient contact
2- before aseptic task
3- after body fluid exposure risk
4- after patient contact
5- after leaving patient surrounding
two modes of direct disease transmission
contact
droplet
modes of indirect disease transmission
airborne
vehicle-born
vector-borne- mechanical and biological
penicillin mode of action
inhibits penicillin binding protein competitively by binding through the beta-lactam ring.
causes bacterial cell wall to weaken as crosslinks not formed
bacteria die due to osmotic pressure
ways in which bacteria can be resistant to antibiotics:
restrict access of the antibiotic
get rid of antibiotic/antifungal
change/destroy the antibiotic
change the targets for the antibiotic/antifungal
bypass the effects of the antibiotic
mode of action of co-amoxiclav
betalactamase destroys amoxicillin
clavulanic acid inhibits beta lactamase so that amoxicillin can bind to D-alanyl-D-alanine transpeptidase and thus attack the peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria
what’s the duty of candour
a statutory duty to be open and honest to patients or their families when something goes wrong which could have caused/cause significant harm in the future
how does antibiotic resistance propagate horizontally
through transduction by phages
conjugation- when bacteria connect
transformation- resistance genes released from nearby live/dead germs which can be picked up directly by other bacteria
what is antimicrobial stewardship?
organisational/healthcare-system-wide approach to promoting and monitoring judicious use of antimicrobials to preserve their future effectiveness
