freshwater, groundwater, surface water

Question 1

properties of water

Answer 1

expands as a solid, neutral ph, high specific heat

Question 2

what is cohesion

Answer 2

attraction of water molecules have to other water molecules

Question 3

what is adhesion

Answer 3

attraction of water molecules to other substances

Question 4

what is transpiration

Answer 4

water vapor leaving plant leaves

Question 5

what is condensation

Answer 5

water going into gas to water (what forms clouds)

Question 6

what is precipitation

Answer 6

water released from clouds in various forms

Question 7

what is evaporation

Answer 7

water changing from liquid to gas

Question 8

what is infiltration

Answer 8

water seeping into ground (soil)

Question 9

what is runoff

Answer 9

water that runs along the land’s surface

Question 10

what is an aquifer

Answer 10

underground water

Question 11

why does water act differently?

Answer 11

because of its polarity

Question 12

how much of Earth’s water is freshwater

Answer 12

2.5%

Question 13

how much of Earth’s freshwater is available for living things

Answer 13

1%

Question 14

what is a watershed

Answer 14

is an area of land that drains into a particular body of water

Question 15

what are headwaters

Answer 15

formed at higher elevations ( beginning of river)

Question 16

what happens as water slows?

Answer 16

sediment is deposited and makes deltas (this is near bay/oceans)

Question 17

what is an estuary

Answer 17

where the mouth of the river mixes with the ocean - makes brackish water

Question 18

what is the largest estuary in the us?

Answer 18

Chesapeake Bay

Question 19

what do all lakes and ponds have in common

Answer 19

are areas naturally filled with water
-ponds are smaller than lakes

Question 20

where is the littoral zone

Answer 20

nearest to the shore; waters are warm, shallow, and sunlit

Question 21

where is limnetic zone

Answer 21

an open area too deep for emergent plants; is still warm and sunlit

Question 22

where is the profundal zone

Answer 22

is cold and aphotic
2nd to bottom

Question 23

what is photic

Answer 23

means sunlit

Question 24

what is aphotic

Answer 24

means it is not sunlit

Question 25

what is deritus

Answer 25

organic matter that has sunk to the bottom

Question 26

what is an oligotrophic lake

Answer 26

have low nutrient levels limiting algae and phytoplankton growth (turbidity)

Question 27

what is turbidity

Answer 27

how cloudy the water is

Question 28

what is eutrophic lakes

Answer 28

have high nutrient levels and excessive algae growth; very high turbidity

Question 29

what is a stream

Answer 29

narrow channels that carry runoff water towards rivers

Question 30

how do rivers form

Answer 30

gravity is responsible for forming rivers- water from mountains

Question 31

what is the temperature, oxygen level, and nutrient level of water at source of river

Answer 31

high levels of oxygen , cold, low turbidity, low nutrients, no salinity

Question 32

what is the the temperature, oxygen level, and nutrient level of water in transition zone

Answer 32

widen/deepens, becomes warmer, decreased dissolved oxygen, increased nutrient level

Question 33

what kind of water is found at the mouth of the river

Answer 33

low dissolved 02, high nutrients, warmer water temps, high turbidity, moderate salinity, water slows down, sediment settles (delta)

Question 34

what is a freshwater wetland

Answer 34

areas containing soils that are usually water logged - completely saturated in water

Question 35

what are the 3 types of wetlands

Answer 35

marsh, swamp, bog

Question 36

what is a marsh

Answer 36

found in low-lying treeless areas with vegetative grasses

Question 37

what are swamps

Answer 37

low-lying wetlands dominated by trees

Question 38

what is a bog

Answer 38

have floating mats of plant matter that living plants grow on; slow rates of decomposition result in nutrient-poor water

Question 39

what are 3 adaptations of wetland plants

Answer 39

floating, carnivorous, emergent

Question 40

what is flowing adaptation

Answer 40

fewer vascular tissues needed since water is abundant, making them light

Question 41

carnivorous adaptations

Answer 41

capture and digest insects to increase nitrogen and phosphorus absorption

Question 42

what is emergent adaptations

Answer 42

many empty spaces in tissues to allow oxygen to flow through the plant and into submerged roots

Question 43

what are coastal lagoons

Answer 43

saltwater pools that are separated from the ocean by sand banks / coral reefs

Question 44

what is a tidal flat

Answer 44

saltwater wetland areas that are continually covered and uncovered by the tides

Question 45

what are deltas

Answer 45

landforms at river mouths formed by deposited sediment by tides

Question 46

what is an estuary

Answer 46

partially-enclosed bodies of water where river water mixes with sea water, forming brackish water

Question 47

what is a salt marsh

Answer 47

are tidal flats dominated by herbs and grasses

Question 48

what is a sea grass bed

Answer 48

containing submerged plants that resemble grass

Question 49

what is a mangrove forest

Answer 49

have trees with roots that can filter salt; limits coastal erosion; is a buffer ocean and shore

Question 50

what is biodiversity

Answer 50

amount of life and the different type of life

Question 51

what is flood control

Answer 51

through mangroves- tree helps slow speed of waves( reduces impact of waves)

Question 52

If we got rid of 1 acre of wetlands what would happen

Answer 52

society average would be $1900 dollars in flood damage

Question 53

how much water can an acre of wetland hold?

Answer 53

3 acre feet or 100,000,000 gallons

Question 54

How do wetlands help pollution control?

Answer 54

responsible for filtration of water that passes through them by trapping waste/ sediment

Question 55

What do wetlands provide?

Answer 55

a "sink" for many chemicals including atmosphere carbon

Question 56

What are CWs

Answer 56

are artificial wetlands; they are used to take in waste and filter it

Question 57

Facts about Ogallala Aquifer

Answer 57

largest aquifer in US, under Midwest, is confined aquifer, will only last another 40yrs

Question 58

facts about Chesapeake Bay Watershed

Answer 58

largest estuary in US, includes portions of 6 states, average depth is 21ft, home to 188,000,000 people, starts in cooperstown NY

Question 59

Potomac area

Answer 59

largest aquifer in Va, is a confined aquifer,we remove 150 million gallons a day