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FRG Flashcards

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1
Q

what did the 1951 reinstatement act do

A

saw many ex nazis reemployed into the civil service

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2
Q

how did the FRG intergrate itself into european alliences

A

1955 they joined NATO , 1957 they founded the EEC and joined the european defence community

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3
Q

in 1957 what % of the votes did adenauer get

A

50.2%

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4
Q

what was the bundeswher and when was it created

A

armed security police
1956
but the sdp opposed , it still went ahead anyways

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5
Q

what % of the votes did parties need to be in the bundestag

A

5
reducing opposition

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6
Q

when was the srp declared illegal

A

1952

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7
Q

when was the kpd declared illegal

A

1956

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8
Q

how did the allies improve the economy in germany 1945-1949

A

marshall plan proped up the econemy and encouraged foreign investment
reformed the currancy into the deuchmark in 1948
ended food rationing

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9
Q

how many new dwellings were built by 1957

A

4 million

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10
Q

how did passive assent help adenauer

A

Adenauer’s ability to consolidate political dominance using slogans such as no “ no experiments” showed that passive assent allowed him to continue as long as economic prosperity remained

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11
Q

How effectively was democracy established in West Germany in the years 1949 to 1969?
governemnt

what did the basic laws do

A

guarded freedom of speech and civil rights through a federal constitutional court

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12
Q

How effectively was democracy established in West Germany in the years 1949 to 1969?
governemnt

who was in adenauer coalition and when did they win absolute majority

A

CDU/CSU , FDP, DP by compromising on differing issues leading to them achieving an absolute majority in 1957

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13
Q

How effectively was democracy established in West Germany in the years 1949 to 1969?
social

what was the 1950 construction law

A

provided grants for massive house building programmes so 4 million new homes were built by 1957

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14
Q

How effectively was democracy established in West Germany in the years 1949 to 1969?
social

what was the 1949 collective bargaining law

A

established new rules between workers and government so that they were more involved in discussions and decision making within factories

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15
Q

How effectively was democracy established in West Germany in the years 1949 to 1969?
social

what is ohne mich

A

attitude where by the electorate were passive and stability was achieved by default
so adenaur cant take the credit

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16
Q

How effectively was democracy established in West Germany in the years 1949 to 1969?
fixing war issues

what compesation was paid by adenaeur

A

compensation was paid to individuals who were victims of the nazi regime and in general adenauer gave 100 billion DM to israel in 1952

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17
Q

How effectively was democracy established in West Germany in the years 1949 to 1969?
fixing war issues

by early 1950s % of officials were ex nsdap

A

40-80%

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18
Q

How effectively was democracy established in West Germany in the years 1949 to 1969?
fixing war issues

how were refugees delt with

A

millions of refugees were gradually dispersed from camps and reintegrated into society with employment and accommodation

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19
Q

How effectively was democracy established in West Germany in the years 1949 to 1969?
fixing war issues

what was the 1953 equalisation of burdens act

A

as a result of the war time bombing campaigns gave compensation

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20
Q

How far was the dominance of the CDU/CSU, in the years 1949 to 1969, due to the weaknesses of the other political parties?
agree

why did the kdp loose support in 1956

A

they were declared un democratic and illegal due to fear of communism in the east

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21
Q

How far was the dominance of the CDU/CSU, in the years 1949 to 1969, due to the weaknesses of the other political parties?
agree

why was the sdp unpopular with voters

A

they prioritised reunification and did not follow adenauer’s ideas of making closer relationships with the west

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22
Q

How far was the dominance of the CDU/CSU, in the years 1949 to 1969, due to the weaknesses of the other political parties?
agree

an example of the sdp views being against public opinion in 1956

A

opposing bundeswher

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23
Q

How far was the dominance of the CDU/CSU, in the years 1949 to 1969, due to the weaknesses of the other political parties?
agree

why did the sdp look out of touch

A

the sdp constantly criticised adenauer’s capitalism but this made them look out of touch because everyone was very happy with the economic miracle taking place

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24
Q

How far was the dominance of the CDU/CSU, in the years 1949 to 1969, due to the weaknesses of the other political parties?
disagree

when were adenaurs stable coalitions

A

from 1949 -1956 and then again 1961 -1963 by working with the FDP to secure a stable democracy

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25
How far was the dominance of the CDU/CSU, in the years 1949 to 1969, due to the weaknesses of the other political parties? disagree why was a passive electorate formed
by the economic miracle of the 1950s which prevented them from wanting a change in government therefore the CDU/CSU could maintain their dominance
26
How far was the dominance of the CDU/CSU, in the years 1949 to 1969, due to the weaknesses of the other political parties? disagree what was the national party organisation and why was it successful
under hans globke they emphasised its christian credentials which gain support from the large catholic community in germany
27
how did the grand coalition peruse more centrist economic policies
They changed the constitution allowing the government to have greater control over spending and taxation of the lander
28
evidence schmidt was popular with conservatives despite being SDP
Remained in power for 4 terms until 1982, he formed a coalition with the conservative minded FDP and they pursue anti inflationary economic policies
29
what policies did kohl continue with that were the same a schmidt
subsidies for agriculture and industry as well as relatively high levels of welfare spending
30
why did SDP/FDP deputies defect to the CDU / CSU and what did this cause
ostpolitik because the conservatives opposed it and the social reforms . this meant brandt only survived the 1972 vote of no confidence by 2 votes
31
why did the FDP move away from schmidt in the early 80s
due to economic issues and greater supported kohl
32
evidence kohl did not try and change party policies in 1982
kohls policies remained very much the same and the CSU/CDU actually came round to the idea of ostpolitik and high welfare spending
33
when did the green party form
1980
34
How effectively was democracy established in West Germany in the years 1949 to 1969 government what showed that government did not represent the younger generations
the creation of the ABO in 1969 and the wave of student protests
35
How effectively was democracy established in West Germany in the years 1949 to 1969 government what ammendment to the constitution reminded people of article 48 and when
the 1968 amendment to the constitution allowing an elected committee to take emergency measures
36
'Very little was done to confront the legacy of Nazisim in West Germany in the years 1945-1969.’ Assess the validity of this view. 1949-1945 when were fragebonnen sent out and when
1945 -46 the west sent out fragabonen questionnaires to see people's involvement in the war so that they could be reeducated
37
'Very little was done to confront the legacy of Nazisim in West Germany in the years 1945-1969.’ Assess the validity of this view. 1949-1945 what did the persil trials prove and when
prove peoples innocence in 1945 if they had been dismissed from their job
38
'Very little was done to confront the legacy of Nazisim in West Germany in the years 1945-1969.’ Assess the validity of this view. 1949-1945 what % of the 1946 tribunals were people exonerated in each region
in the british zone 90% were exonerated, ⅓ in american zone and ½ in french zone
39
'Very little was done to confront the legacy of Nazisim in West Germany in the years 1945-1969.’ Assess the validity of this view. 1949-1963 what happened to war criminals
under a series of amnesties war criminals , were slowly released back into civilian life and many crimes were never investigated
40
'Very little was done to confront the legacy of Nazisim in West Germany in the years 1945-1969.’ Assess the validity of this view. 1949-1963 when was the central office for investigation set up and was it good
1956 it was very slow and had little commitment
41
'Very little was done to confront the legacy of Nazisim in West Germany in the years 1945-1969.’ Assess the validity of this view. 1949-1963 when was the reinstament act and what did it cause to happen
1951 reinstatement act meant many ex nazis were re employed into the civil service 40-80% of officials were ex NSDAP
42
'Very little was done to confront the legacy of Nazisim in West Germany in the years 1945-1969.’ Assess the validity of this view. 1949-1963 how much did adenaur pay to israel in compensation in 1952
100 billion dm
43
'Very little was done to confront the legacy of Nazisim in West Germany in the years 1945-1969.’ Assess the validity of this view. 1963-1969 why was kissinger critisised
kissinger was criticised by the left wing writers of his former nazi party membership
44
‘Extra-parliamentary opposition posed a significant threat to the stability of West Germany in the years 1966 to 1989.’ Assess the validity of this view. students what triggered the june 2 nd movement
1967 the murder of benno ohnesorg at a student protest in Berlin triggered the June 2nd movement where people were determined to avenge him in university protests using violence
45
‘Extra-parliamentary opposition posed a significant threat to the stability of West Germany in the years 1966 to 1989.’ Assess the validity of this view. students what did the APO protest in 1968/69
emergancy laws atomic bomb vietnam war
46
‘Extra-parliamentary opposition posed a significant threat to the stability of West Germany in the years 1966 to 1989.’ Assess the validity of this view. students why did the APO pass its peak by 1969
emergancy laws were passed and leaders of the organisation became divided
47
‘Extra-parliamentary opposition posed a significant threat to the stability of West Germany in the years 1966 to 1989.’ Assess the validity of this view. RAF why did the gang get sympathy in the early years
for their robbin hood approach of taking from the rich to give to the poor
48
‘Extra-parliamentary opposition posed a significant threat to the stability of West Germany in the years 1966 to 1989.’ Assess the validity of this view. RAF how did the memebers keep a public profile while being in prison in the early 1970 s
they were demanding to be treated as political prisoners
49
‘Extra-parliamentary opposition posed a significant threat to the stability of West Germany in the years 1966 to 1989.’ Assess the validity of this view. RAF why were they considered a significiant threat to society
they carried out a wave of robberies, kidnapping and murder
50
‘Extra-parliamentary opposition posed a significant threat to the stability of West Germany in the years 1966 to 1989.’ Assess the validity of this view. RAF why did they stop commanding a presence after 1976
they splintered into smaller groups
51
‘Extra-parliamentary opposition posed a significant threat to the stability of West Germany in the years 1966 to 1989.’ Assess the validity of this view. environmental how did protesters initially emerge
at a regional level at sit ins and rallies
52
‘Extra-parliamentary opposition posed a significant threat to the stability of West Germany in the years 1966 to 1989.’ Assess the validity of this view. environmental where did they emerge from and why did they move into government
they originated from theAPOs and shared similar ideologies but Schmidt was indifferent to them so they thought they could achieve more from inside the government
53
‘Extra-parliamentary opposition posed a significant threat to the stability of West Germany in the years 1966 to 1989.’ Assess the validity of this view. environmental when was the perishing missile protests and how many people
1985 encouraged 300,000 people to march in 10 cities
54
‘Extra-parliamentary opposition posed a significant threat to the stability of West Germany in the years 1966 to 1989.’ Assess the validity of this view. environmental when did two groups of protesters at nuclear reactors clash with police
novemeber 1986
55
what social cohesion policies were put in place
The equality of burdens act helped those who had lost everything in the war and refugees were encouraged to integrate into society. Pensions were also substantially increased
56
why were workers not upset by low wages
the co determination laws gave them greater understanding and possition
57
where did workers come from pre and post 1961
pre - east berlin post - yugoslavia and turkey
58
how much did the marshall aid give west germany 1948 - 1952
$1.5 billion
59
by how much did exports of eec members increase 1958-1968
quadrupled
60
in 1950s what % did gdp grow a year
8.2%
61
in 1960s what % did gdp grow a year
4.6%
62
what did the gov control to work towards economic growth and soical cohesion
subsidies on heavy industry , work creation schemes and banking controls
63
how did erhard free businesses from pre war constraints
through private businesses being able to set their own prices and wages
64
The recovery of the economy under the Nazis in the 1930s was more impressive than the recovery of the West German economy after the SECOND WORLD WAR what happened to employment in the 50s and 60s
in the 1950s unemployment fell to 0.5% despite the constant flow of refugees from the GDR, by the 1960s they didnt have enough workers and guest workers from yugoslavia and turkey began to take up jobs
65
The recovery of the economy under the Nazis in the 1930s was more impressive than the recovery of the West German economy after the SECOND WORLD WAR what was inflation during the seconf oil crisis of 1979 and what was growth rate
germany succeeded in keeping down inflation to 4.7% and growth rates were still greater than 1913-1950
66
The recovery of the economy under the Nazis in the 1930s was more impressive than the recovery of the West German economy after the SECOND WORLD WAR by 1983 once the econmey had recovered what did kohl do with erhards policeis
kohl had every intention of returning to erhards principles but in practise industrial principles carried on and high spending was abandoned , however he did continue to subsidies farming , coal , steel and aerospace
67
what class did the unemployed and gustworkers fit into
under class
68
why did white collar workers increase
middle class grew and were able to take on more skilled employment
69
why did jobs vanish in the 1980s and unemployment help reduce
processes became modernised and unemployment benefits could not be supplied due to cuts to welfare spending
70
what was the propotion on kids per women in 1989
1.4 this was a decline from previous years
71
what proportion of the workforce was women by 1989
1/2 but it was low paying jobs and very few were managers
72
how were women represented in society and politics
the number of women in prominent positions in society and politics was very low. There were only a handful of female ministers in government throughout the period and the figures for women in senior positions in higher education were shocking
73
To what extent did West German society change in the years 1969-1991? women what was the children per women in 1960 and 1989
1960 2.4 1989 1.4
74
To what extent did West German society change in the years 1969-1991? women when was the act to prevent sex discrimination passed and did it help in work
1980 very few women were promoted to manager and unskilled jobs were more common
75
To what extent did West German society change in the years 1969-1991? women when was divorce made easier and what were the rates in 1986 and 1990
1977 rate of divorce increased 32% from 1986 - 1990 with most being initiated by women
76
To what extent did West German society change in the years 1969-1991? women what did a male survey say about women
although household appliance became popular to help women in the home surveys showed that male attitudes still saw a womens place as in the home and her life became a juggling act
77
To what extent did West German society change in the years 1969-1991? youth what liberal attitudes towards parents did kids develop in the 1960s
belief parents should answer to them about what happened in the past as seen by 1968 student protests
78
To what extent did West German society change in the years 1969-1991? youth when was voting age made 18
1975
79
To what extent did West German society change in the years 1969-1991? youth by 1984 what % of kids saw their parents as a role model
3
80
To what extent did West German society change in the years 1969-1991? youth by 60s and 80s how many kids were at uni
60s = 400,000 80s = over a million
81
To what extent did West German society change in the years 1969-1991? workers what was unemployment in 1973 and 1991 and why
unemployment remain below 3% until 1973 but then it saw a continual increase and by 1991 it was at 2 million due to the oil crisis in 1973 and modernisation of industry leading to job loss
82
To what extent did West German society change in the years 1969-1991? workers how did society divide
society became more divided with the unemployed and guest workers forming the under class whilst white collar workers prospered
83
To what extent did West German society change in the years 1969-1991? workers how did traditional elites change
traditional elites and junkers dropped the von from their name and moved into industry, economics and politics. They benefited most from german prosperity
84
To what extent did West German society change in the years 1969-1991? workers how did industrial workers change
industrial workers were offered educational opportunities to get them into the skilled jobs. This encouraged affluence in society as they now had better pay and less hours to work
85
what events lead up to the idea of reunification
kohl losley continued with ostpolitik he invited erich honcker to the FRG in 1987 for the first time by 1983 the GDR was bankrupt and had to accept FRG loans 1989 hungary opened its boarders and refugees flooded into west germnay
86
how and when did the wall fall
novemeber 1989 after peacefull protests getting honcker to resign in october
87
when did kohl present the 10 point plan and how was it reciveed
28 november 1989 overwhelmingly supportive in the bundestag but over seas he was accused of being hasty
88
when did the currancy treaty come into effect and what were the conversions
july 1990 1:1 fo salaries , - this made the GDRs production uneconomic with devastating results and the west had to prop up the east industry
89
results of 1990 all german election
CUD FDP coalition SDP did bad due to coolness towards unification
90
by how much did industrial production fall in the year after reunifictaion
2/3
91
in 1991 what did the gov invest in
In 1991 an investment programme was launched and government money was put into housing, agriculture and services and industrial infrastructure
92
within 6 months of reunifictaion what different changes did eastern workers make
21 % of the eastern workforce had moved to a new job , 8% were unemployed and 10% took early retirement
93
who got new opportunities from reunification but .....
New opportunities for young people , skilled people and independent businesses but living standards did not immediately rise
94
negatives of reunifcation
Rising crime rates and youth diciplinaries Increased raceisum in the west New nationalisum had more anger and this was seen with th trial of ex GDR state officials Nostalgia for east germany Germans had never felt so apart
95
when was solidarity tax and what was it for
Solidarity tax for all german in 1991 created resentment but it was to deal with the economic down turn

germany revision cards (4 decks)

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