from cells to systems

Question 1

what are the 4 cell complexity?

Answer 1

an organism increases in size and complexity, greater cooperation and coordination of cells is required to survive, and cells begin to arrange into 4 different levels of increasing complexity;
* cells
* tissues
* organs
* systems

Question 2

what is the organisation of plants

Answer 2

plants are more complex multicellular organisms that require the organisation of cells into tissues, organs, and systems.
* vascular plants are plants that contain vascular tissue.

Question 3

different cells types and their function; parenchyma

Answer 3

parenchyma; the major cells of plants, responsible for photosynthesis and other metabolic activity.

Question 4

different cells types and their function; sclerenchyma

Answer 4

sclerenchyma cells; provide support to the plant

Question 5

different cells types and their function; collenchyma

Answer 5

collenchyma cells; provide support to the plant

Question 6

different cells types and their function; xylem

Answer 6

xylem cells; cells of the xylem are responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the root to the leaves of the plant.

Question 7

different cells types and their function; phloem

Answer 7

phloem cells; cells of the phloem are responsible for the transport of sugars and other nutrients throughout the plant.

Question 8

what are angiosperms

Answer 8

angiosperms are plants that produce flowers and bear their seeds in fruit.

Question 8

different plant organs and their function; leaves

Answer 8

leaves; sites of gas exchange and responsible for photosynethis: in most species, leaves are organised to increase sunlight exposure.

Question 8

different plant organs and their function; flowers

Answer 8

flowers; the sexual reproductive organs of flowering plants (angisperm). Following the fertilasation of male and female gamates which are contained in pollen, seed, develop and the ovary of a flower grows into a fruit.

Question 8

different plant organs and their function; fruits

Answer 8

fruits; grown from a flower post-fertilisation. fruits protect seeds and are more often specialised to attract animals that aid with seed dispersal.

Question 9

different plant organs and their function; stems

Answer 9

stems; support the leaves, flowers and fruits as well as transport water and nutrients between the roots and shoots.

Question 9

different plant organs and their function; roots

Answer 9

roots; absorption and storage of water and nutrients from the soil. Roots are also responsible for anchoring the plant to the ground and providing structural support.

Question 10

plant tissue, what is the dermal tissue;

Answer 10

dermal tissue; is a single layer of cells covering the outside of a plant, that makes a cuticle which basically protects the plant by trying to reduce water loss and physical damage.

Question 11

plant tissue, what is ground tissue;

Answer 11

ground tissue; makes up the majority of the interior of the plant, and carries out the metabolic functions.
vascular tissue run through the ground tissues, run through the ground tissue of vascular plants, carrying water and nutrients.
the tissue included in ground tissue
* Parenchyma tissue: Functions in photosynthesis (in leaves) and storage of starch or oils (in roots, tubers, and seeds).
* Collenchyma tissue: Provides support to elongating stems.
* Sclerenchyma tissue: Provides rigidity and strength to plant organs

Question 12

what are vascular plants

Answer 12

specialised cells carry out specific functions such as transport of nutrients and water and acquiring energy via photosynthesis.

Question 13

what is the order of plant complexity

Answer 13

plant cells-> tissue-> organs

Question 14

plant system; the root system?

Answer 14

the root system is typically underground. it absorbs water and nutrients from the soil and provides the plant with support and structure.

Question 15

plant system; the shoot system of angiosperms

Answer 15

the shoot system of angiosperms are made up of the reproductive and non reproductive sections.
* the reproductive sections incude the flower and fruits, and the non-reproductive sections include the leaves and stems.

Question 16

what is the order of complexity for multicellular organisms

Answer 16

organelles -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ system

Question 17

what is a organelle

Answer 17

organelle; cell structure that is specialised to carry out a particular function or job.

Question 18

what is a cell

Answer 18

cell; basic structural and functional unit of a living organism

Question 19

what is tissue

Answer 19

tissue; groups of cells within similar structure, working together to perform a shared function.

Question 20

what is an organ

Answer 20

organ; structure made of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions.

Question 21

what is an organ system

Answer 21

organ system; group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions.

Question 22

what are the 4 major kinds of tissues;

Answer 22

muscle, nervous, connective and epithelial tissue

Question 23

muscle tissue and it's function;

Answer 23

muscle tissue; contracts to exert a force. the 3 major types are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissue.

Question 24

nervous tissue, and it's function?

Answer 24

nervous system; detects stimuli and transmits eletrical signals composed of neurons that detect stimuli and carry electrical signals.

Question 25

connective tissue and it's function

Answer 25

connective tissue; connects and supports other tissues and organ structures of the body

Question 26

epithelial tissue and what is it's function

Answer 26

epithelial tissue; composes the external and internal layers of the body. These tissues assist in protection, secrection and absorption.

Question 27

how many systems of the human body do we have?

Answer 27

11 body systems

Question 28

what are the different body systems

Answer 28

* digestive system * excretory system * endocrine system * skeletal system * muscular system * integumentary system * nervous system * immune system * respiratory system * blood circulatory system * reproductive system