prokaryotic cells and eurkaryotic cells

Question 1

what are the main classes of cells and how are they distinguished

Answer 1

• prokaryotes
• eurkaryotes
  they are distiguished by the absece or presence of mebrane bound organelles

Question 2

what are prokaryotes

Answer 2

a prokaryote is a single-celled orgnism that has no membrane-bound organelles. this means that they have no nucleus, so their DNA is free-floating in the cell.
they lack cytoskeleton

Question 3

what are the 2 different classification groups of prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

• bacteria
• archaea

Question 4

what are the 4 different classification groups of eurkaryotic cells

Answer 4

• plants
• animals
• fungi
• protists
  they all have membrane-bound organelles

Question 5

what are organelles

Answer 5

organelles are specialised structures within a cell, often, but not always, they have a membrane that controls what moves in and out

Question 6

what does DNA stand for

Answer 6

deoxyribonucleic acid - nucleic acid containg the four bases - adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine - which forms the major component of chromosomes and contains coded genetic intrusuctions.

Question 7

what is the difference in size for prokaryotes and eurkaryotes

Answer 7

on avergae, prokaryotic cells are about 10 times smaller than plant and animal cells.

Question 8

what are the general features of a prokaryotic cell are;

Answer 8

• capsule - made of polysaccharides (sticky coating)
• cell wall - made of peptidoglycan (provides rigidity)
• cell (plasma) membrane - controls which substances move into and out of the cell
• large, circular DNA - free-floating in the cell
• ribosomes - synthesis proteins
• plasmids - smaller pieces of DNA
• cytosol - water environs that everything floats in
• **flagella **- (for propulsion)
• nucleoid - (contains single circular bacterial chromosomes)
• pili - (attachment structures)

Question 9

eukaryotics compared to prokaryotics

Answer 9

eurkaryotic cells have a more elaborate internal structure owed to the presence of many membrane-bound organelles, they are also greater in size.

Question 10

what are some organelles found in eurkaryotics

Answer 10

• nucleus
• ribosomes
• golgi apparatus
• endoplasmic reticulum
• plasma membrane
• mitochrondria
• cytoplasm
• lysosome