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Diseases and Syndromes > From Firecracker > Flashcards

From Firecracker Flashcards

1
Q

Waterhouse-Friderichsen

A

hemorrhagic adrenalitis from fulminant meningiococcemia (N. meningitis sepsis)

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2
Q

Liddle’s syndrome

A

Autosomal dominant excess loss of potassium and reabsorption of sodium. HTN, Meta alkalosis. treat with amilioride (potassium sparing).

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3
Q

Apple green birefringence

A

Amyloidosis (Congo Red stain under polarized light)

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4
Q

Fanconi anemia

A

Most common inherited aplastic anemia, defects in non-homologous end-joining

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5
Q

Naegleria fowleri causes…?

A

primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

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6
Q

Acanthamoeba spp. causes…?

A

granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, most common in immunocompromised individuals (HIV)

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7
Q

Type 1 RTA

A

DCT failure to secret H and resorb K. a-intercalated cells.

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8
Q

Goodpasture syndrome

A

Collagen IV attack in lung and renal. type II hypersensitivity, IgG anti-GBM (against type IV collagen), attack glomeruli and alveoli, C3 positive in GBM, ANCA-negative.

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9
Q

scopolamine toxic side effects

A

mydriasis, cycloplegia, CNS anticholinergic toxidrome. It is an antimuscarinic like atropine.

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10
Q

4 drugs to treat CMV

A

ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

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11
Q

Hartnup disease

A

Insufficient resorption of tryptophan. Autosomal recessive. Treat with high-protein diet + nicotinic acid. Symptoms of pellagra: Diarrhea, Demetia, Dermatitis. Neutral aminoaciduria.

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12
Q

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules pathomneonic for…?

A

Diabetic nephropathy

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13
Q

Potter sequence

A

Bilateral renal agenesis
Failure of fetal renal excretion
Oligohydramnios, resulting in decreased amniotic fluid
Multiple anomalies (Potter phenotype) and early death

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14
Q

B1 blockers on the kidney?

A

Reduce renin release, thereby reducing angiotensin II, causing vasodilation

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15
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma. These are bi-nucleated “owl eye” B cells. Necessary but not sufficient for diagnosis. Can release cytokines which cause minimal change disease.

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16
Q

Paragonimus is…?

A

Lung fluke

17
Q

Alport syndrome

A

defective collagen IV assembly. Ocular (lens and cornea), nephritic, hearing loss. Basketweave GBM, red cell casts.

18
Q

Minoxidil

A

Prodrug, sulfated by liver, causes vasodilation

19
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) toxicity mnemonic

A

OHHH DANG

20
Q

Neuroblastoma oncogene?

A

N-myc

21
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism

A 
Cretinism:
Poor brain development
Pot-bellied
Pale
Puffy-faced
Protruding umbilicus
Protuberant tongue
Enlarged fontanelle, delayed dentition, retarded bone age
22
Q

adrenoleukodystrophy

A

Very long chain fatty acid buildup in CNS, adrenals, and testes. X-linked, presents in young men.

23
Q

Dactinomycin

A

Used in young kids to treat: Ewing sarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, and Wilms

24
Q

Dexrazoxane

A

iron chelator used to prevent cardiotoxicity from doxorubicin or daunorubucin

25
Q

DiGeorge Syndrome

A

3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch failure. Congenital t-cell deficiency, cleft palate, often fatal cardiac defects. No thymus or parathyroid glands, hypocalcemic. 22q11.2

26
Q

4 types of thyroid carcinoma

A

Papillary
Follicular
Medullary
Anaplastic

27
Q

Bartter syndrome

A

Autosomal recessive, defect in Na/K/Cl cotransporter in thick ascending limb, causes salt and water wasting

28
Q

San Joaquin Valley Fever

A

Coccidiomycosis – “desert rheumatism”

29
Q

tetrodotoxin

A

pufferfish venom, Na channel blocker

30
Q

Brugada syndrome

A

genetic disorder of cardiac Na channels, ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Autosomal dominant, Asian males. St elevation, negative T-wave. Treat with an implanted defibrillator.

31
Q

Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome

A

perihepatitis, infection of the liver capsule and peritoneal surfaces of the anterior right upper quadrant from Neisseria and Chlamydia spp. Acute symptoms manifest as a patchy purulent and fibrinous exudate known as “violin string” adhesions.

32
Q

Floroquinolones target…?

A

Topoisomerase II and IV. Enters via porins.

33
Q

Lupus affiliated drugs

A

SHIPP-E: Sulfa drugs, Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Procainamide, Phenytoin, Etanercept

34
Q

Ezetemibe

A

LDL reducer, inhibits chol abs in intestine. Hepatotx and diarrhea

Diseases and Syndromes (5 decks)

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