From Firecracker

Question 1

Waterhouse-Friderichsen

Answer 1

hemorrhagic adrenalitis from fulminant meningiococcemia (N. meningitis sepsis)

Question 2

Liddle’s syndrome

Answer 2

Autosomal dominant excess loss of potassium and reabsorption of sodium. HTN, Meta alkalosis. treat with amilioride (potassium sparing).

Question 3

Apple green birefringence

Answer 3

Amyloidosis (Congo Red stain under polarized light)

Question 4

Fanconi anemia

Answer 4

Most common inherited aplastic anemia, defects in non-homologous end-joining

Question 5

Naegleria fowleri causes…?

Answer 5

primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

Question 6

Acanthamoeba spp. causes…?

Answer 6

granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, most common in immunocompromised individuals (HIV)

Question 7

Type 1 RTA

Answer 7

DCT failure to secret H and resorb K. a-intercalated cells.

Question 8

Goodpasture syndrome

Answer 8

Collagen IV attack in lung and renal. type II hypersensitivity, IgG anti-GBM (against type IV collagen), attack glomeruli and alveoli, C3 positive in GBM, ANCA-negative.

Question 9

scopolamine toxic side effects

Answer 9

mydriasis, cycloplegia, CNS anticholinergic toxidrome. It is an antimuscarinic like atropine.

Question 10

4 drugs to treat CMV

Answer 10

ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

Question 11

Hartnup disease

Answer 11

Insufficient resorption of tryptophan. Autosomal recessive. Treat with high-protein diet + nicotinic acid. Symptoms of pellagra: Diarrhea, Demetia, Dermatitis. Neutral aminoaciduria.

Question 12

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules pathomneonic for…?

Answer 12

Diabetic nephropathy

Question 13

Potter sequence

Answer 13

Bilateral renal agenesis
Failure of fetal renal excretion
Oligohydramnios, resulting in decreased amniotic fluid
Multiple anomalies (Potter phenotype) and early death

Question 14

B1 blockers on the kidney?

Answer 14

Reduce renin release, thereby reducing angiotensin II, causing vasodilation

Question 15

Reed-Sternberg cells

Answer 15

Hodgkin’s lymphoma. These are bi-nucleated “owl eye” B cells. Necessary but not sufficient for diagnosis. Can release cytokines which cause minimal change disease.

Question 16

Paragonimus is…?

Answer 16

Lung fluke

Question 17

Alport syndrome

Answer 17

defective collagen IV assembly. Ocular (lens and cornea), nephritic, hearing loss. Basketweave GBM, red cell casts.

Question 18

Minoxidil

Answer 18

Prodrug, sulfated by liver, causes vasodilation

Question 19

Furosemide (Lasix) toxicity mnemonic

Answer 19

OHHH DANG

Question 20

Neuroblastoma oncogene?

Answer 20

N-myc

Question 21

Congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 21

Cretinism:
Poor brain development
Pot-bellied
Pale
Puffy-faced
Protruding umbilicus
Protuberant tongue
Enlarged fontanelle, delayed dentition, retarded bone age

Question 22

adrenoleukodystrophy

Answer 22

Very long chain fatty acid buildup in CNS, adrenals, and testes. X-linked, presents in young men.

Question 23

Dactinomycin

Answer 23

Used in young kids to treat: Ewing sarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, and Wilms

Question 24

Dexrazoxane

Answer 24

iron chelator used to prevent cardiotoxicity from doxorubicin or daunorubucin

Question 25

DiGeorge Syndrome

Answer 25

3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch failure. Congenital t-cell deficiency, cleft palate, often fatal cardiac defects. No thymus or parathyroid glands, hypocalcemic. 22q11.2

Question 26

4 types of thyroid carcinoma

Answer 26

Papillary Follicular Medullary Anaplastic

Question 27

Bartter syndrome

Answer 27

Autosomal recessive, defect in Na/K/Cl cotransporter in thick ascending limb, causes salt and water wasting

Question 28

San Joaquin Valley Fever

Answer 28

Coccidiomycosis -- "desert rheumatism"

Question 29

tetrodotoxin

Answer 29

pufferfish venom, Na channel blocker

Question 30

Brugada syndrome

Answer 30

genetic disorder of cardiac Na channels, ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Autosomal dominant, Asian males. St elevation, negative T-wave. Treat with an implanted defibrillator.

Question 31

Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome

Answer 31

perihepatitis, infection of the liver capsule and peritoneal surfaces of the anterior right upper quadrant from Neisseria and Chlamydia spp. Acute symptoms manifest as a patchy purulent and fibrinous exudate known as “violin string” adhesions.

Question 32

Floroquinolones target...?

Answer 32

Topoisomerase II and IV. Enters via porins.

Question 33

Lupus affiliated drugs

Answer 33

SHIPP-E: Sulfa drugs, Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Procainamide, Phenytoin, Etanercept

Question 34

Ezetemibe

Answer 34

LDL reducer, inhibits chol abs in intestine. Hepatotx and diarrhea