from intelligence test to theory Flashcards
charles Spearman
he suggested there must be a general intelligence factor (g) which underlies the performance on all tests. a high g would lead to high performance on test in general but that each test mesaures a specific ability (s)
fluid intelligence (Raymond Cattell dividing g)
the ability to solve new problems with no prior knowledge, declines with age
crystallized intelligence (Raymond Cattell dividing g)
to retrieve memory/knowledge from what you have acquired over your lifetime, improves with age due to experience
Flynn effect
standardization of these tests should be renewed regularly because the average test scores have increased over the past century, probably due to the increase of education
speculative variability hypothesis
claims that men have a greater variability in intelligence than women, morel likely to have a very high or very low score.
Kurt Lewin interaction theory
behavior is an interaction between personal characteristics and environmental factors (B = f (P, E)). B = behavior, f = function, P = personal characteristics, E = environmental factors of the group.
Gestalt psychology
studied problem-solving behavior in other species. When trying to make sense of the world around us, Gestalt psychology suggests that we do not simply focus on every small component. Instead, our minds tend to perceive objects as elements of more complex systems.
reconstructive process
the process of remembering conceived as involving the recreation of an experience or event that has been only partially stored in memory. When a memory is retrieved, the process uses general knowledge and schemas for what typically happens in order to reconstruct the experience or event.
tip of the tongue phenomenon
the experience of failing to retrieve a word from memory combined with partial recall.
flashbulb memories
memories of what they were doing when they heard about major traumatic events.
neuroimaging studies (John Duncan)
found both attention and fluid intelligence to engage of frontal and parietal areas linking them together as Wundt proposed, goes against the sampling theory
arguments for AI
computers are advancing rapidly, artificial systems mimic brain networks and connections.
arguments for real brains
learning is complex and dynamic , computers are currently too limited to perform complex tasks that real brains are able to do.
AI useful in psychology
useful: to test theories and models
not useful: limited in processing speed and capacity, achieving the same end-result does not necessarily imply the same background. perfection and efficiency over accurate representation of human intelligence.
