frontal bones/ paranasal sinuses

Question 1

paranasal sinuses

Answer 1

4 groups of air containing cavities
lined with mucous membrane
communicate with nasal cavity

Question 2

paranasal sinuses in the skull

Answer 2

ethmoid bone (many) 
sphenoid bone (1 or 2) 
frontal bone (2)

Question 3

paranasal sinuses in the facial bones

Answer 3

maxillary bone (2)

Question 4

believed to be functions of paransal sinuses

Answer 4

resonating chamber for voice 
decrease weight of skull 
warm and moisten inhaled air 
shock absorbers in trauma 
possibly control immune system

Question 5

paranasal sinuses begin to develop in

Answer 5

the fetus

Question 6

only what sinuses are demonstrated radiographically at birth?

Answer 6

maxillary sinuses

Question 7

frontal and sphenoid sinuses are visible radiographically when?

Answer 7

at age 6 or 7

Question 8

ethmoid sinuses fully develop when

Answer 8

by late teenage years

Question 9

maxillary sinuses

Answer 9

located in body of each maxillary bone
shaped like a pyramid from front
cube shaped from side
correspond to the roots of the upper molar teeth

Question 10

T or F

All paranasal sinuses communicate with each other and with the nasal cavity which is divided into two fossae

Answer 10

true

Question 11

what are 2 older terms for your maxillary sinuses

Answer 11

antrum

antrum of highmore

Question 12

all radiographic positioning for for sinuses should be done in the

Answer 12

upright position

Question 13

frontal sinuses

Answer 13

located between the inner and outer tables of skull posterior to glabella
two cavities generally separated by a septum but not always
rarely aerated before age 6

Question 14

t or f frontal sinuses are generally larger in males

Answer 14

true

Question 15

ethmoid sinuses

Answer 15

contained within lateral masses of ethmoid

divided into 3 groups

Question 16

3 groups of ethmoid sinuses

Answer 16

anterior
middle
posterior

Question 17

sphenoid sinuses

Answer 17

directly below sella turcica
can be paired or a single cavity
air fluid levels can indicate a basal skull fracture

Question 18

osteomeatal complex

Answer 18

pathways of communication between paranasal sinuses and provide drainage between them

Question 19

an obstructed osteomeatal complex can lead to

Answer 19

sinusitis or infection

Question 20

osteomeatal complex can be imaged with

Answer 20

CT

Question 21

2 key passageways in the osteomeatal complex

Answer 21

1. infundibulum

2. middle nasal meatus

Question 22

the maxillary sinuses drain through the ?

to the?

Answer 22

infundibulum

middle nasal meatus into inferior nasal meatus

Question 23

frontal and ethmoid sinuses drain into?

Answer 23

ethmoid bulla and then through the middle nasal meatus into inferior nasal meatus

Question 24

frontal sinuses

Answer 24

visualized between inner and outer table of skull

Question 25

sphenoid sinuses

Answer 25

appear to be continuous with ethmoid sinuses

Question 26

facial bones form several cavities which include

Answer 26

oral cavity nasal cavity orbits

Question 27

the long axis of the orbit projects superiorly how many degrees

Answer 27

30 degrees

Question 28

the long axis of the orbit projects medially how many degrees

Answer 28

37 degrees

Question 29

clinical indications of facial bones and paranasal sinuses

Answer 29

1. fractures 2. foreign body of the eye 3. neoplasms 4. osteomyelitis 5. sinusitis 6. secondary osteomyelitis 7. TMJ syndrome

Question 30

1. fractures | 3 types

Answer 30

a. tripod fracture b. LeForte fractures C. contrcoup fractures

Question 31

a. tripod fractures

Answer 31

caused by a blow to the cheek zygoma will fracture in 3 places the orbital process, maxillary process, and temporal process its free floating and unstable

Question 32

b. LeForte fractures

Answer 32

severe bilateral horizontal fractures of maxilla | may result in unstable detached fragment

Question 33

c. contrecoup fractures

Answer 33

injury/ fracture to the side of a structure caused by an impact on the opposite side

Question 34

2. foreign body of the eye

Answer 34

metal or other types of fragments in the eye | plain images can detect metallic foreign objects

Question 35

3. neoplasms

Answer 35

new and abnormal growth

Question 36

4. osteomyelitits

Answer 36

localized infection of bone/ bone marrow

Question 37

5. sinusitis

Answer 37

infection of the sinus mucosa | can be acute or chronic

Question 38

6. secondary osteomyelitis

Answer 38

infection of bone and marrow secondary to sinusitis | results in erosion of bony margins of sinus

Question 39

7. TMJ syndrome

Answer 39

describes a set of symptoms which may include pain and clicking that indicate dysfunction of the TMJ

Question 40

facial bones routine projections

Answer 40

lateral parietoacanthial (waters method) PA axial (caldwell method)

Question 41

facial bones special projections

Answer 41

modified parietoacanthial (modified waters)

Question 42

nasal bones routine projections

Answer 42

lateral | parietoacanthial (waters)

Question 43

nasal bones special projections

Answer 43

superoinferior tangential (axial)

Question 44

zygomatic arches routine projections

Answer 44

``` submentovertex (SMV) oblique inferosuperior (tangential) AP axial (modified Towne) ```

Question 45

zygomatic arches special projections

Answer 45

parietoacanthial (waters) | Lateral

Question 46

optic foramina routine projections

Answer 46

``` parietoorbital oblique (Rhese) parietoacanthial (waters) ```

Question 47

optic foramina special projections

Answer 47

modified parietoacanthial (modified waters)

Question 48

mandible routine projections

Answer 48

axiolateral oblique PA 0 degrees (20-25 degrees cephalad AP axial (Towne)

Question 49

mandible special projections

Answer 49

SMV | orthopantomography (panoramic tomography)

Question 50

TMJ routine projections

Answer 50

AP axial (modified towne)

Question 51

TMJ special projections

Answer 51

axiolateral 15 degree oblique (modified law) axiolateral (schuller) orthopantomography

Question 52

paranasal sinuses routine projections

Answer 52

lateral PA caldwell parietoacanthial (waters)

Question 53

paranasal sinuses special projections

Answer 53

``` SMV parietoacanthial transoral (open mouth waters) ```

Question 54

overpenetration of sinuses

Answer 54

diminishes or obliterates existing pathologic conditions | easy to miss something

Question 55

underpenetration of sinuses

Answer 55

can simulate pathologic conditions that do not exist