trauma/ mobile

Question 1

trauma centers

Answer 1

signifies a specific level of emergency medical care as defined by the american college of surgeons

Question 2

level 1 trauma center

Answer 2

the most comprehensive
research facility
all types of specialty physicians are available 24 hrs a day

Question 3

level IV trauma center

Answer 3

the most basic

Question 4

if you are severely injured access to care at a level 1 trauma center lowers your risk of death by

Answer 4

25%

Question 5

golden hour

Answer 5

the idea that trauma pts. have significantly better survival rates if they reach a level 1 or 2 trauma center within 60 mins of their injury

Question 6

level 2 trauma center

Answer 6

typically has all of the same specialized care but is not a research or teaching hospital

Question 7

level 3 trauma center

Answer 7

located in rural/ small communities
does not have full availability of specialists
has transfer agreements with level 1/2 centers

Question 8

universal guidelines for trauma

Answer 8

speed
accuracy
quality

Question 9

Principle 1 for trauma radiography

Answer 9

2 projections 90 degrees to one another must be taken

sometimes it could result in 2 oblique views

Question 10

principle 2 for trauma radiography

Answer 10

include both joints for all long bones on one IR

include entire trauma area

Question 11

joint rule

Answer 11

for all upper and lower limb f/u exams include a minimum of one joint nearest the site of injury

Question 12

the big three

Answer 12

trauma c-spine
trauma chest
trauma abdomen

Question 13

exposure factor considerations

Answer 13

use shortest exposure time to minimize motion

Question 14

perform what projections first

Answer 14

all laterals working from top to bottom

then AP next moving bottom to top

Question 15

dislocation/luxation

Answer 15

displacement of a bone from a joing

must demonstrate degree of displacement

Question 16

subluxation

Answer 16

partial dislocation of a bone from a joint

Question 17

nursemaids elbow

Answer 17

partial dislocation of the radial head of a child caused by a hard pull on the hand and wrist
also called jerked elbow

Question 18

sprain

Answer 18

a forced wrenching or twisting of a joint resulting in partial rupture or tearing of supporting ligaments

Question 19

contusion

Answer 19

bruising of the bone with a possible avulsion fracture

Question 20

hip pointer

Answer 20

a football injury involving a contusion of bone at the iliac crest of pelvis

Question 21

anatomic apposition

Answer 21

anatomic alignment of ends of fractured bone fragments wherein the ends of the bone make end to end contact

Question 22

lack of apposition (distraction)

Answer 22

the ends of fragments pulled apart and not making contact

Question 23

bayonet apposition

Answer 23

a fracture wherein the fragments overlap and the shafts, but not the fracture ends make contact

Question 24

apex angulation

Answer 24

the direction or angle of the apex of the fracture such as medial or lateral apex and it is described in degrees

Question 25

varus deformity

Answer 25

the distal part of the distal fragments angled toward the midline of the body

Question 26

valgus deformity

Answer 26

the apex directed toward the midline and distal fragment away from the midline

Question 27

simple fracture (closed)

Answer 27

a fracture in which the bone does not break through the skin

Question 28

compound fracture (open)

Answer 28

a fracture in which the bone protrudes through the skin

Question 29

incomplete (partial) fracture

Answer 29

a fracture in which the line of fracture does not include the entire bone 2 types

Question 30

2 types of incomplete fractures

Answer 30

1. torus | 2. greenstick

Question 31

torus fx

Answer 31

incomplete fracture with a buckle of the cortex

Question 32

greenstick fx

Answer 32

fracture is on one side only

Question 33

complete fx

Answer 33

break is complete broken into 2 pieces 3 major types

Question 34

3 major types of complete fxs

Answer 34

transverse fx oblique fx spiral fx

Question 35

transverse fx

Answer 35

fracture is transverse at near fight angle to long axis of bone

Question 36

oblique fx

Answer 36

fracture passes through bone at an oblique angle

Question 37

spiral fx

Answer 37

bone has twisted apart and the fracture spirals around long axis

Question 38

comminuted fx

Answer 38

bone is splintered or crushed at site of impacct resulting in 2 or more fragments 3 major types

Question 39

3 major types of comminuted fxs

Answer 39

segmental butterfly splintered

Question 40

segmental fx

Answer 40

double fracture with 2 fracture lines isolating a distinct segment of bone

Question 41

butterfly fx

Answer 41

fracture with 2 fragments on each side of a main wedge shaped separate fragment

Question 42

splintered fx

Answer 42

a comminuted fx where bone is splintered into thin sharp fragments

Question 43

impacted fx

Answer 43

one fragment is firmly driven into the other

Question 44

barton's fracture

Answer 44

a dislocation fracture of the radiocarpal joint

Question 45

mallet (baseball) fx

Answer 45

fx of the distal phalanx caused by a ball striking the end of an extended finger

Question 46

bennett fracture

Answer 46

longitudinal fx at base of 1st metacarpal

Question 47

boxer's fx

Answer 47

a fx resulting from punching someone or something | involves the distal 5th metacarpal

Question 48

colles' fx

Answer 48

a fx of the distal radius distal fragment is displaced posteriorly results from falling on an outstretched hand most common wrist fx

Question 49

hangman's fx

Answer 49

fx of the arch of C2 usually accompanied by anterior subluxation of C2 on C3

Question 50

hutchinson's fx | chauffer's fx

Answer 50

an intraarticular fx of the radial styloid process

Question 51

monteggia's fx

Answer 51

fx of the proximal 3rd of the ulnar shaft with anterior dislocation of the radial head

Question 52

pott's fx

Answer 52

in the ankle | involves both malleoli with dislocation of the ankle joint

Question 53

smith's fx (reverse colles')

Answer 53

fx of the distal radius with anterior displacement

Question 54

avulsion fx

Answer 54

when a fragment of bone is pulled away from the shaft | results from severe stress to tendon or ligament

Question 55

depressed fx (ping pong)

Answer 55

fx of skull where a fragment is depressed

Question 56

epiphyseal fx (salter harris classificatinon)

Answer 56

fx is through the epiphyseal plate | most easily fractured sites in long bones of children

Question 57

pathologic fx

Answer 57

fxs due to disease process within the bone

Question 58

stellate fx

Answer 58

the fx lines radiate from a central point of injury with a star like pattern most commonly at the patella

Question 59

stress fx

Answer 59

result of an abnormal degree repetitive trauma

Question 60

fatigue (stress) fx

Answer 60

occur at sites of maximal strain on a bone | most frequently found in metatarsals particularly the 2nd

Question 61

trimalleolar fx

Answer 61

fx involving both the medial and lateral malleoli and the posterior tip of the distal tibia

Question 62

tuft fx

Answer 62

comminuted fx of the distal phalanx

Question 63

closed reduction

Answer 63

realigned by manipulation and immobilized by a cast or splint Non surgical

Question 64

open reduction

Answer 64

severe fxs with significant displacement or fragmentation | surgical procedure is required