Fuctional Anatomy

Question 1

Smooth muscle

Answer 1

Smooth muscle control many of the automatic movements that occur within our body.
Involuntary, less powerful

Question 2

Cardiac muscle

Answer 2

The heart
Common characteristics as smooth and skeletal
Involuntary

Question 3

Isometric contractions

Answer 3

Non- movement contractions

Eg exercise - plank, sport - gymnastics during a handstand.

Question 4

Skeletal mucles

Answer 4

Skeletal muscles move the body, attached to the skeleton and contact with voluntary nerve impulses
Extremely powerful
Contact with great force in short time

Question 5

Origin and insertion of muscles

Answer 5

?Origin- The origin of a muscle is the muscle attached to the relatively fixed bone of its joint. The point of attachment of a muscle remains relatively fix during contraction.
?Insertion - the insertion of a muscle is the end of muscle attached to the freely moving bone

Question 6

flexion

Answer 6

bending, decreasing the angle of the joint. e.g. bending leg.

Question 7

Extension

Answer 7

straightening, increasing the angle of the joint. e.g. straightening arm

Question 8

Rotation

Answer 8

Moving a body part inwards or outwards, pivoting on its axis eg neck.

Question 9

Circumduction

Answer 9

cone shaped rotation around a body part. e.g. shoulder, rotating arm.

Question 10

adduction

Answer 10

returns a body part to midline

Question 11

abduction

Answer 11

takes a body part away from midline

Question 12

pronation

Answer 12

moving hands palm down

Question 13

supination

Answer 13

moving hands palm up

Question 14

eversion

Answer 14

tilting ankle outwards

Question 15

inversion

Answer 15

tilting ankle inwards

Question 16

Agonist (prime mover)

Answer 16

The muscle that instigates movement by contracting

Question 17

Antagonist

Answer 17

The muscle that relaxes to allow the agonist to contract.

Question 18

Slow and fast twitch

Answer 18

• relates to the speed of which they can be contract
  ? fast twitch - white ANAEROBIC - explosive eg. Sprint
  ? slow twitch - red AEROBIC - endurance eg. Marathon

Question 19

Contractibility of muscles

Answer 19

Muscles cell can react to a stimulus by shortening, or decreasing their overall length

Question 20

Extensibility of muscles

Answer 20

The ability of a muscle to be stretched or extended without damaging tissue

Question 21

Elasticity of muscles

Answer 21

The ability of cells, surface and objects to give and then return to their original state or shape