Fuels

Question 1

What is energy?

Answer 1

The ability to work

Question 2

What produces energy in a combustion reaction?

Answer 2

Fuel

Question 3

What is the unit for energy?

Answer 3

Joules (J)

Question 4

What is thermochemistry?

Answer 4

The study of heat change in a reaction

Question 5

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 5

associated with movement (in doing work)

Question 6

What is potential energy?

Answer 6

Stored energy (ready to work)

Question 7

What are different types of kinetic energy?

Answer 7

• mechanical
• chemical
• light
• sound
• heat

Question 8

What are different types of potential energy?

Answer 8

• chemical
• gravitational
• magnetic
• elastic
• nuclear
• electrical

Question 9

What is the total energy of an object composed of?

Answer 9

The sum of its potential and kinetic energy

Question 10

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 10

Energy is neither created nor destroyed but simply changes form one form to another. (Total quantity of energy remains the same)

Question 11

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 11

Although the quantity of energy remains the same the quality/ usability gets worse

Question 12

Why does the energy usability get worse?

Answer 12

Because when energy is converted heat is produced which is low temp and hard to use again

Question 13

What is the formula for %efficiency?

Answer 13

%efficiency= energy obtained in desired form/ energy available before conversion x100

Question 14

What are non renewable energy sources?

Answer 14

Used up faster than they can be produced eg. Fossil fuels, nuclear energy

Question 15

What are renewable energy sources?

Answer 15

Are produced at a faster rate than they are consumed or used eg. Solar etc.

Question 16

What are the different types of fossil fuels?

Answer 16

Coal, oil, gas

Question 17

Why is electricity considered a secondary fuel?

Answer 17

Because it is not a natural source of power, it is produced from another fuel/ energy source

Question 18

How is bioethanol produced?

Answer 18

From the fermentation of sugar

Question 19

How much bioethanol can be blended with petrol?

Answer 19

10%

Question 20

What are the advantages of bioethanol?

Answer 20

• reduces pollutants
• reduces greenhouse gases
• oxygen in ethanol assists complete combustion of petrol

Question 21

What are the disadvantages of bioethanol?

Answer 21

• cost
• less energy
• can contribute to plastic/ rubber breakdown

Question 22

How is biodiesel produced?

Answer 22

Are alkyl esters produced from vegetable oil or animal fats combined with an alcohol, usually methanol

Question 23

How much biodiesel can be blended with petrol?

Answer 23

20%

Question 24

What are the advantages of biodiesel?

Answer 24

• decreased dependence on imported fuels
• biodegradable
• lower pollutants
• no engine modification required
• lubricant properties

Question 25

What are the disadvantages of biodiesel?

Answer 25

- cost - high viscosity (unsuitable for cold temps) - large area required= loss of habitat

Question 26

How is biogas produced?

Answer 26

From the bacterial breakdown of organic material in the absence of oxygen

Question 27

Is biogas a combustible fuel?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

What are the advantages of biogas?

Answer 28

- can be produced on a large scale - can generate electricity, light, heat, motion and fuels such as ethanol - can be used to fuel vehicles

Question 29

What types of vehicles is diesel most often used for?

Answer 29

Large vehicles eg. Boats, trucks etc.

Question 30

How many carbon atoms does petrol diesel contain?

Answer 30

12-24

Question 31

What does a hygroscopic substance do?

Answer 31

Absorbs water

Question 32

What’s is a fuel?

Answer 32

A substance used for producing energy by combustion