"Fun" facts Flashcards
(159 cards)
1
Q
Where is Botulinum toxin commonly found?
A
canned foods, honey
2
Q
Sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
3
Q
gram positive, coagulase NEGATIVE bacteria that causes UTIs in sexually active females
A
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
4
Q
gram positive, coagulase NEGATIVE bacteria that is associated with infection following indwelling medical devices (i.e. catheter, IV line)
A
Staphylococcus epidermidis
5
Q
What toxin mediated reaction can be caused by Staph aureus?
A
Toxic shock syndrome
**also caused by Strep pyogenes
6
Q
What are two ALPHA-hemolytic streptococci? What are two BETA-hemolytic streptococci?
A
Alpha: pneumoniae and viridans
Beta: agalactiae and pyogenes
7
Q
Most common cause of meningitis in newborns
A
Streptococcus agalactiae
8
Q
Very common cause of UTI
A
Enterococcus faecalis
9
Q
Fried rice food poisoning
A
Bacillus cereus
10
Q
Spores from goat milk
A
Bacillus anthracis
**easy on the goat cheese
11
Q
Anaerobic spore formers
A
Clostridium
12
Q
Only gram + bacteria with endotoxin
A
Listeria monocytogenes
13
Q
acid fast gram positive staining
A
Nocardia
Mycobacteria
14
Q
Chinese letter appearance
black colonies on potassium tellurite
A
Cornyebacterium diphtheriae
15
Q
Chocolate agar
A
Influenza
16
Q
X and V factors required
A
Influenza
17
Q
Growth on charcoal yeast agar w iron and cysteine
A
Legionella pneumophilia
18
Q
Requires cysteine for growth
A
Franciscella tularensis
19
Q
Stool cultures are metallic green
A
E. Coli
20
Q
Currant jelly sputum
A
Klebsiella
21
Q
Cat and dog bites
A
Pasteurella multocida
22
Q
Tick bite on a rabbit farm
A
Francisella tularensis
23
Q
MOPS Meningitis Otitis Media Pneumonia Sinusitis
A
Influenza type B
24
Q
Urea breath test
A
Helicobacter pylori
25
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Campylobacter jejuni
26
Unpasteurized milk
Campylobacter jejuni
27
Fleas
Yersinia pestis
28
Blue-green colonies with a fruity odor
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
29
Ribosylates Gs, keeps AC active, and increases cAMP
Vibrio cholerae
30
Alkaline (basic) urine, stones
Proteus mirabilis
31
bloody diarrhea, non-motile
Shigella
32
Cat scratch
Bartonella henselae
33
Goat cheese
Brucella
34
Lives inside of macrophages
| Atypical pneumonia
Legionella pneumophila
35
Strict gram negative anaerobe
Bacteroides fragilis
36
Motile gram - rod causing gastroenteritis
Salmonella
37
Parrot keeper
| Atypical pneumonia
Chlamydia psittaci
38
Strong immune response, few bacteria
Tuberculoid leprosy
39
Weak immune response, many bacteria
Lepromatous leprosy
40
Dark field microscopy
Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
41
Weil's disease
Leptospira interrogans
42
Extracellular elementary bodies, intracellular reticular bodies
Chlamydia pneumoniae
43
No cell wall, no cholesterol in membranes
Mycoplasma
44
Relapsing fever, body louse
Borrelia recurrentis
45
3 spirochetes
Borrelia (burgdorfi, recurrentis)
Leptospira interrogans
T. pallidum
46
Erythema migrams, ticks
Borrelia burgdorferi
47
Weil-Felix test
Rickettsia rickettsii
48
Two obligate intracellular parasites
Rickettsia
| Chlamydia
49
Given w Cilastatin to slow renal degradation
Carbapenems
50
Given orally for C. diff
Vancomycin
51
Used topically for gram negative bacteria
polymyxin
52
Used for anaerobes and some protozoan parasites
metronidazole
53
Primary drug for TB, leprosy (mycobacteria)
Rifampin
54
Used for spirochetes, rickettsiae, chlamydia
tetracycline
55
Lincosamide that can cause C. diff
clindamycin
56
Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids, used for TB
isoniazid
57
Viral meningitis
enteroviruses
58
Hep A and Hep E are acquired this way;
| no hepatitis, liver damage
fecal-oral
59
blueberry muffin rash
Rubella
60
breakbone fever - joint and muscle pain, also pain behind the eyes
Dengue fever
61
crows
West Nile virus
62
Hep A is a + strand non-enveloped picornavirus; Hep C is a + strand enveloped flavivirus; Hep B and D are DNA viruses; Hep E is a calicivirus (+ strand non-enveloped)
Ok
63
SARS
coronavirus
64
Negri bodies
Rhabdovirus
65
Filovirus
ebola
66
Koplick spots, maculopapular rash
measles
67
croup, barking cough
parainfluenza virus
68
pneumonia + bronchiolitis in infants
RSV
69
Deer mice
Hantavirus
70
ticks, bleeding from GI, nose, uterus, respiratory tract
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever
71
domestic livestock
Rift valley fever virus
72
Hamsters
lymphocytic choriomeningitis
73
Nigeria
Lassa fever virus
74
double stranded RNA virus
Reovirus (Rotavirus)
75
Caribbean, weakened/stiff legs, Increased Ca++
HTLV
76
Why is rubella an unusual togavirus?
not transmitted by a creature, but via respiratory droplets
77
Used for treatment or prophylaxis of Influenza A2
amantadine
78
Neuraminidase inhibitors for Influenza A and B
zanamivir
| oseltamivir
79
Flavivirus that causes neurological abnormalities
St. Louis encephalitis
80
CNS probs, horses
EEE, WEE, ZEE
81
33 degrees C
Rhinovirus
82
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
Coxsackie A
83
Non-bloody diarrhea
Rotavirus
84
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
| Starts with vision probs
JC virus
85
Slapped cheek syndrome
parvovirus B19
86
What genes does HPV transform? What does this block?
E6 and E7; blocks tumor suppressors p53 and pRb
87
Protects against HPV 6, 11, 16, 18
gardasil
88
conjunctivitis
adenoviruses
89
Acyclovir
Herpes
90
Temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV-1 in adults; HSV-2 in infants
91
Owl's eye intranuclear inclusion bodies, giant cells
CMV
92
Ganciclovir
CMV (not acyclovir bc no viral thymidine kinase)
93
thymidine kinase
acyclovir
94
heterophile antibody
EBV
95
Treat with interferon alpha
Hep B
96
Voriconazole
Aspergillosis
97
lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase
azoles
98
Inhibit squalene epoxidase
allylamines
99
allylamines
dermatophyte infection
100
Used with AmpB for cryptococcal meningitis
Flucytosine
101
Flucytosine
inhibits DNA/RNA synth
102
inhibits Beta-glucan synthesis
echinocandins
103
polyenes
nystatin
| amphotericin B
104
nephrotoxicity
AmpB
105
spongiform encephalopathy
prions
106
diethylcarbazamine
Wuchereria bancrofti
107
Tonic paralysis of musculature
| Activates Glutamate coupled Cl- channels
Ivermectin
108
Swollen scrotum
Wuchereria bancrofti
109
skin nodules, blindness
Onchocerca volvulus
110
string test, larva in stool
strongyloides stercoralis
111
eosinophilia
```
strongyloides
trichinella spiralis
ancyclostoma duodenale
ascaris lumbricoides
schistosoma
taenia solium
```
112
encysted larva, striated muscle
Trichinella spiralis
113
How do you get strongyloides?
step on poop
114
black fly
Onchocerca volvulus
115
penetrate the feets
strongyloides
| hookworms
116
itchy itchy from cat and dog hookworms
cutaneous larva migrans
117
iron supplement
hookworms
118
itchy butt
pinworms (enterobius vermicularis)
119
blebbed egg
| flattened egg with spikes!
schistosoma
120
Big old worm in the stool (Dr. Hunter had this)
Ascaris lumbricoides
121
cyst in brain, dog owner
echinococcus granulosus
122
praziquantel
schistosoma
| taenia solium larva
123
proglottids in stool
taenia saginata/solium
124
cercarea, snails, water
schistosoma
125
larva swimming in the vitreous humor of the eyeball
cysticercosis
| taenia solium larva
126
can exist as trophozoites and cysts
protozoa
127
P. vivax/ovale dormant liver infections
primaquine (extraerythrocytic)
128
Schizont
malaria inside RBCs
129
tsetse fly
Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense
130
suramin
trypanosomes
| interferes with lots of enzymes (esp for energy)
131
nifurtimox
oxidative damage to DNA
| Chagas disease
132
sand fly
Leishmaniasis
133
only flagellate protozoa with no cyst form
trichomonas vaginalis
134
WATERY diarrhea caused by protozoa
cryptosporidium parvum
135
Winterbottom's sign
Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense
136
na stibogluconate
leishmaniasis
137
FATTY foul-smelling diarrhea caused by protozoa
giardia
138
BLOODY diarrhea caused by protoza
entamoeba histolytica
139
sporulated oocyst
cryptosporidium parvum
140
blocks fumarate reductase (enzyme specific to helminths)
thiabendazole
141
Ca+ influx causes muscle contraction
praziquantel
142
for chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum?
pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine
143
lung and liver fluke infections
bithionol
144
inhibits PABA to DHF
sulfadoxine
145
can cause hemolytic anemia
chloroquine
| primaquine
146
inhibits DHF to THF
pyrimethamine
147
binds to DNA, damages mitochondria, inhibits protein synthesis
Primaquine
148
microsporum, trichophyton, epidermophyton
dermatophytes (tinea)
149
spherules in lungs, SW US
Coccidioides immitis
150
bat droppings
Histoplasma capsulatum
151
cysts with dark oval bodies
Pneumocystis jerovecii
152
tuberculate macroconidia
histoplasma capsulatum
153
India ink stain, encapsulated yeast
cryptococcus neoformans
154
pigeon droppings
cryptococcus neoformans
155
pentamidine
pneumocystis pneumonia
156
coencytic hyphae, sporangium with sporangiospores
mucormycoses
157
branching septate hyphae, condia with spherical conidial heads
aspergillus
158
hyphae + pseudohyphae
candida
159
candicidin
vaginal candidiasis
