Parasitology Table: Protozoan Parasites Flashcards by Megan Foggia

What do the following cause?
What is their common name?

Plasmodium falciparum
P. vivax
P. malariae
P. ovale

malaria;

falciparum: malignant tertian malaria
vivax and ovale: benign tertian malaria (every other day)
malariae: quarten malaria (every three days)

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What is the infective form of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale?

sporozite

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What is the transmission method of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale? What is the non-human host?

mosquito bite; mosquito

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What is the habitat in the human of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale? What is the non-human host?

liver/blood RBCs

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What disease/pathology does Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale cause?

fever
anemia
cerebral malaria
hepatosplenomegaly
nephrosis

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What is the diagnostic method for Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale?

thick and thin blood films

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What drugs can be used for plasmodium?

chloroquine

primaquine

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What is the common name for Trypanosoma gambiense/T. rhodesiense?

West African Sleeping Sickness/East African Sleeping Sickness

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What is the infective form for humans of Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense?

metacyclic trypomastigote
(trypomastigote in blood and CNS)

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What is the transmission method of Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense? What is the non-human host?

tsetse fly bite; reservoirs

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What is the habitat in humans for Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense?

blood/brain

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What is the disease/pathology caused by Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense?

fever
anemia
lymphadenopathy (Winterbottom's sign)
CNS
somnolence, coma, death

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How do you diagnose Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense?

blood film

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What drugs are used for Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense?

suramin (pre-CNS disease)

melarsoprol (post-CNS disease)

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What is the common name for Trypanosoma cruzi?

Chagas’ disease

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What is the infective form for humans of Trypanosoma cruzi?

metacyclic trypomastigote

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What is the transmission method of Trypanosoma cruzi? What is the non-human host?

Reduviid bug bite; reservoirs

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What is the habitat in humans for Trypanosoma cruzi?

blood, heart, nerves

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What is the disease/pathology caused by Trypanosoma cruzi?

chagoma at bite site followed by unilateral periorbital edema (Romana's sign)
fever
lymphadenopathy
myocarditis
encephalitis
megaesophagous/colon

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How do you diagnose Trypanosoma cruzi?

blood film

xenodiagnosis

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What drug is used for Trypanosoma cruzi?

benznidazole

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What is the common name for the following?

Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis

Kala Azar
chicle ulcer
espundia

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What is the infective form for humans for the following?

Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis

promastigote (amastigotes within cells)

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What is the transmission method for the following? What is the non-human host?

Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis

sand fly bite
(Phlebotomus);
canine/rodent reservoirs

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``` What is the habitat in humans for the following? Visceral: Leishmania donovani L. mexicana L. braziliensis ``` Cutaneous/Mucocutaneous: Leishmania tropica Leishmania braziliensis

reticuloendothelial system skin skin/nasopharynx

What is the disease/pathology caused by Leishmania donovani L. mexicana L. braziliensis

``` fever anemia hepatosplenomegaly cratiform ulcer **cutaneous nasopharyngeal soft tissue erosion **mucocutaneous ```

What is the diagnostic method for Leishmania donovani L. mexicana L. braziliensis

bone marrow aspirate | serology needle aspiration

What drugs are used for Leishmania donovani L. mexicana L. braziliensis

miltefosine | Na stibogluconate

What is the common name for Toxoplasma gondii?

toxoplasmosis

What is the infective form for humans of Toxoplasma gondii?

oocyst (in cat feces) pseudocyst (uncooked meat) tachyzoite (prevent phagosome/lysosome fusion in host macrophages)

What is the transmission method of Toxoplasma gondii? What is the non-human host?

fecal-oral meat congenital; felines/mammals

What is the habitat for T. gondii in humans?

brain muscle heart lymph nodes

What is the disease/pathology caused by T. gondii?

lymphadenopathy chorioretinitis (chronic infection) encephalitis in AIDS patients

What is the diagnostic method for T. gondii?

lymph node biopsy | serology

What drug is used for T. gondii?

pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine

What should you be concerned about w pregnancy and T. gondii?

if a mother is first infected during her first trimester of pregnancy - can cause chorioretinitis later in life

What is the common name for Entamoeba histolytica?

amebiasis | amebic dysentery

What is the infective form for humans of Entamoeba histolytica?

cyst --> becomes a trophozoite in the small intestine --> attaches to mucosa --> reverts to cyst and is passed in the feces

What is the transmission method of Entamoeba histolytica? What is the non-human host?

fecal-oral; none

What is the habitat in humans for Entamoeba histolytica?

colon | liver

What is the disease/pathology caused by entamoeba histolytica?

diarrhea dysentery liver abscess

What is the diagnostic method for entamoeba histolytica?

stool exam | radiology

What is the drug of choice for entamoeba histolytica?

iodoquinol (for intestinal disease) | tinidazole (for extraintestinal disease)

What is the common name for Giardia lamblia?

giardiasis

What is the infective form of Giardia for humans?

cyst --> become trophozoites in small intestine --> attaches to mucosal epithelium via sucking disks

What is the transmission method of Giardia? What is the non-human host?

fecal-oral | beaver, dog

What is the habitat in humans for Giardia?

small intestine

What is the disease/pathology caused by Giardia?

diarrhea steatorrhea farting GI discomfort

What is the diagnostic method for Giardia?

stool exam for cysts | string test

What medication is used for Giardia?

metronidazole

What is the common name for Cryptosporidium parvum?

cryptosporidiosis

What is the infective form of Cryptosporidium parvum?

sporulated oocyst

What is the transmission method of Cryptosporidium parvum? What is the non-human host?

fecal-oral; none

What is the habitat for Cryptosporidium parvum in humans?

small intestine

What is the disease/pathology caused by Cryptosporidium parvum?

abdominal discomfort diarrhea dysentery * *daily fluid loss up to 17L * *case fatality up to 50% in AIDS

What is the diagnostic method for Cryptosporidium parvum?

stool exam for oocysts

What is the drug of choice for Cryptosporidium parvum?

nitazoxanide

What is the common name for Trichomonas vaginalis?

trichomoniasis

What is the infective for for humans of Trichomonas vaginalis?

trophozoite

What is the transmission method of Trichomonas vaginalis? What is the non-human host?

venereal; none

What is the habitat for Trichomonas vaginalis?

vagina urethra prostate

What is the disease/pathology caused by Trichomonas vaginalis?

pruritis | discharge

What is the diagnostic method for Trichomonas vaginalis?

vaginal fluid or urethral for trophozoites

What is the drug of choice for Trichomonas vaginalis?

metronidazole

Parasitology Table: Protozoan Parasites Flashcards

(64 cards)