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FUN biomed and pharmo > FUN4/Lipids > Flashcards

FUN4/Lipids Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

a fatty acid is a _____ _____ chain with a terminal ____ group

A

hydrophobic, hydrocarbon, carboxyl

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2
Q

2 types of fatty acids

A

unsaturated and saturated

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3
Q

A __________ means that the two hydrogen atoms adjacent to the double bond stick out on the same side of the chain.

A

cis configuration

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4
Q

eicosanoids are poly__________ FAs with ____ carbons

A

unsaturated, 20

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5
Q

prostaglandins (PG) are synthesized from _____ acid via _____

A

arachidonic, cyclooxygenase(COX)

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6
Q

PG’s are _____, but have a short half life,

A

potent/strong

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7
Q

half life of PGs

A

seconds

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8
Q

what are the roles of PGs

A

inflammatory, platelet homeostasis

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9
Q

PG’s are _______ FAs

A

signalling

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10
Q

Leukotrienes are _____ FAs

A

signalling

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11
Q

leukotrienes are part of the _____ family

A

eicosanoid

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12
Q

Leukotrienes are synthesized from ______ acid via ______

A

arachidonic, lipoxygenase (LOX)

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13
Q

leukotrienes have a (longer/shorter) half life than prostaglandins

A

longer

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14
Q

half life of leukotrienes

A

4 hours

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15
Q

what are the roles of leukotrienes

A

inflammatory, neutrophil adhesion

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16
Q

4 classifications of lipids

A

FAs and their derivatives, lipids with glycerol, lipids without glycerol, lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides

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17
Q

2 types of fatty acids

A

prostaglandins and leukotrienes

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18
Q

what are the lipids containing glycerol

A
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19
Q

what are lipids that dont contain glycerol

A

steroids and sphingolipids

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20
Q

3 main functions of lipids

A

energy, strucutre, cellular signaling

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21
Q

which lipids are involved in cellular signaling events

A

steroids, prostaglandins, leukotrienes

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22
Q

triglycerides are the ____ in our bodies

A

fats

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23
Q

a triglyceride is made up of ______

A

a glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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24
Q

what type of tissue are triglycerides stored in

A

adipose tissue

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25
triglycerides are also called
triacylglycerols (TAG)
26
Diacylglycerols function as _____ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
cell signaling within the cell, mobilization of calcium
27
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a breakdown product of TAG in fat digestion
monoacylglycerol
28
describe the structure of a phospholips from top to bottom
choline, phosphate, glycerol, FAs
29
a sphingolipid is a _____ + _____ + \_\_\_\_\_\_
sphingosine, FA, R group
30
fill in the chart
31
fill in the chart
32
fill in the chart
33
fill in the chart
34
FAs attached to certain ______ to enhance the ability of those _____ to associate with membranes
proteins/proteins
35
FA's are _______ of the hormone-like prostaglandins
precursors
36
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ fatty acids, the form of TAGs stored in \_\_\_\_\_\_adipose tissue, serve as a major storage of energy in body
esterified, white
37
changes in FA metabolism are associated with ___ and \_\_\_\_\_
obesity, diabetes
38
FAs can exist freely in the body in 2 ways.... what are they?
unesterified, fatty acyl esters
39
fatty acyl esters can be found in more complex molecules like \_\_\_\_
triacylglycerols (TAGs)
40
Plasma free fatty acids (FFA's) are transported on \_\_\_\_\_\_
serum albumin
41
lipopolysaccs are found in the outer membrane of gram-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bacteria
negative
42
cholesterol is broken down to make \_\_\_, \_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_
vitamin d, bile acids, steroid hormones
43
steroids have a ___ or ___ on carbon 3
hydroxyl or keto
44
number of carbons for cholesterol, bile acids, progesterone/adrenocorticals, androgens, estrogens respectively
27, 24, 21, 19, 18
45
lipoproteins are particles that _____ lipids
transport
46
the core of lipoproteins is hydro\_\_\_\_\_\_ and they are full of ____ and \_\_\_\_\_
hydrophobic, triacylglycerides, cholesteryl esters
47
LPS act as \_\_\_\_\_\_
endotoxins
48
LPSs help with a strong ______ response in humans
immune
49
terpenes are also called
isoprenoids
50
there are about ________ compounds of terpenes
50,000
51
terpenes are organic compounds that are composed of ___ hydrocarbon units
2
52
terpenes are very common in the ______ kingdom
plant
53
terpenes function as _______ (3)
pigments, molecular signals, and defensive agents
54
terpenes are used in \_\_\_\_
perfumes!!
55
essential fatty acids (EFAs) are nutrionally essential but we cannot _______ them
synthesize
56
what are the 2 types of EFAs?
linoleic acid (omega 6) and alpha-linoleic acid (omega-3)
57
are EFA deficiencies rare or common
rare
58
what are the 2 types of EFA deficiencys called
scaly dermatitis/ichthyosis, visual and neurologic problems
59
know this chart
60
label 1-5
61
energy is produced in the ___ and ____ states
fed, fasting
62
deviating lipid metabolism is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ketoacidosis
63
ketoacidosis can cause diseases such as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
diabetes mellitus, esp type 1
64
medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) is involved in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
mitochondrial fatty acid Beta oxidation
65
66
MCAD fuels \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
hepatic ketogenesis
67
what is hepatic ketogenisis?
once hepatic glycogen storage depeltes, this acts as a source of energy during long fasts or peroids of high energy demand
68
MCAD deficiency is autosomal \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
recessive
69
MCAD deficiency is a condition that prevents the body from converting certain ______ to \_\_\_\_
fats to energy
70
what are the main clinical signs of an MCAD deficiency
cant fast for a long time, hypoglycemia, impaired ketogenesis, reccurent episodes of hypoglycaemic coma
71
how to manage an MCAD deficiency
avoid fasting, glucose supplements
72

FUN biomed and pharmo (8 decks)

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