Functional anatomy

Question 1

Muscle Tissue Characteristics - Excitability

Answer 1

Muscles can respond to electrical or chemical stimuli, such as nerve signals, triggering contraction.

Question 2

Muscle Tissue Characteristics - contractability

Answer 2

Muscle fibers shorten forcefully when activated, generating movement and tension.

Question 2

Circulatory System Functions - arteries + veins

Answer 2

Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, while veins return oxygen-poor blood back to the heart

Question 2

Muscle Tissue Characteristics - extensibility

Answer 2

Muscles can stretch beyond their resting length without damage, allowing flexibility and movement

Question 2

Muscle Actions & Joint Movements - flexion and extension

Answer 2

Flexion decreases the angle between two bones (e.g., bending the elbow), while extension increases it (e.g., straightening the arm).

Question 3

Muscle Tissue Characteristics - elasticity

Answer 3

After being stretched or contracted, muscles return to their original shape, maintaining their integrity and function

Question 3

Muscle Actions & Joint Movements - abduction/adduction

Answer 3

Abduction moves a limb away from the midline (e.g., lifting the arm sideways), while adduction brings it closer (e.g., lowering the arm).

Question 3

Muscle Actions & Joint Movements - rotation

Answer 3

Circular movement around a joint

Question 4

Muscle Actions & Joint Movements - plantar/dorsi flexion

Answer 4

Plantar flexion points the toes downward (e.g., standing on tiptoes), while dorsiflexion lifts them upward

Question 5

Circulatory System Functions - heart

Answer 5

A powerful muscular pump that maintains blood circulation, sending oxygenated blood to the body and returning deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 6

Circulatory System Functions - capillaries

Answer 6

Tiny blood vessels that enable the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.

Question 7

Circulatory System Functions - hemoglobin

Answer 7

A protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

Question 8

Respiratory System Functions - lungs

Answer 8

Expand and contract to facilitate breathing; oxygen enters the blood while carbon dioxide is expelled.

Question 8

Respiratory System Functions - diaphragm

Answer 8

dome-shaped muscle that plays a crucial role in breathing by contracting

Question 8

Respiratory System Functions - alveoli

Answer 8

Microscopic air sacs within the lungs where gas exchange occurs, transferring oxygen into the bloodstream and removing carbon dioxide.