Functional Anatomy

Question 0

Define permysium.

Answer 0

Connective tissue which connects each bundle of muscular fibers

Question 1

Define epimysium.

Answer 1

Outer layer of muscular sheeth

Question 2

Define fascicles.

Answer 2

A bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by the perimysium

Question 3

Define endomysium.

Answer 3

Connective tissue that surround each individual muscle fibers

Question 4

Define Myofibrils.

Answer 4

Small thread like strains running through each muscle fibers.

Question 5

Muscles …. They don’t ….

Answer 5

Pull, push

Question 6

Muscles must work in…

Answer 6

Pairs

Question 7

What is an agonist?

Answer 7

A muscle that causes movement.

Question 8

What is an antagonist?

Answer 8

Muscle that relaxes and allows passive movements.

Question 9

Agonist and antagonist Movement of the muscles is called…

Answer 9

Reciprocal inhibition.

Question 10

An actin is…

Answer 10

Thin, little molecule.

Diagram: Water

Question 11

Myosin role is to

Answer 11

Pull down actin towards centre, shorten sarcomere

Question 12

Cross Bridges connect

Answer 12

Myosin and actin which causes muscle to contract

Question 13

The z line…

Answer 13

Breaks up actin

Question 14

The h zone…

Answer 14

Is where only myosin filaments are visible

Question 15

What does the sliding filament theory explain?

Answer 15

The shortening of the sarcomre

Question 16

Step 1 of filament theory

Answer 16

Nervous impulse

Question 17

Step 2 of the filament Theory.

Answer 17

Calcium is released In sarcomin.

Question 18

Step 3 of filament theory

Answer 18

Calcium comes and triggers the ATP to move.

Question 19

Step 4 of filament theory

Answer 19

ATP attaches to cross bridges

Question 20

Step 5 of filament theory

Answer 20

Break down to Adp + P

Question 21

Step 6 of filament theory

Answer 21

Energy creates movement in cross bridges

Question 22

Step 7 of filament theory

Answer 22

Cross bridge pull down on actin

Question 23

Step 8 of filament theory

Answer 23

Movement causes H zone to decrease in size.

Question 24

The strongest contraction is ... And why.

Answer 24

The isometric contraction. | Because all cross bridges are engaged

Question 25

Point at which Muscle in concentric contraction is weakest. | And strongest.

Answer 25

Weakest:Start and finish Strongest: 55%

Question 26

Eccentric contraction strongest and weakest point.

Answer 26

Strongest at start | Weakest at end.

Question 27

Force and velocity for Concentric contraction

Answer 27

Create Increase force with decrease velocity

Question 28

Force and velocity of eccentric contraction

Answer 28

Muscle can resist high force with high velocity.

Question 29

Isotonic force...

Answer 29

Changes the length of a muscle performed at a constant load.

Question 30

Explain the process that takes place in the nervous system.

Answer 30

Axon comes to axon terminal. Axon terminal will split up and attach to multipul myofibrils. Two messages are sent. One contract, one extend.

Question 31

What is a neuron?

Answer 31

Neurons located in the cns that protect axon and send message to muscles

Question 32

What is a cell body

Answer 32

Directs the neurons activities

Question 33

What are dendrites

Answer 33

Act as branches to pick up impulse

Question 34

What is an axon?

Answer 34

It transmits the message to the muscles and ways from the Cell body.

Question 35

What are motor and plates?

Answer 35

They attach to the muscle fibers

Question 36

What is the all or non principle?

Answer 36

Muscles will either contract 100% or not at all. | The brain will send more signals and therefor recruit more motor neurons.

Question 37

If the H zone is getting smaller it means...

Answer 37

Muscle has a concentric contraction.

Question 38

If the H zone is getting bigger...

Answer 38

it means the muscle had an eccentric contraction.

Question 39

Type 2a muscle fibre is...

Answer 39

Fast White Lactic acid system Eg 800m Runner (70% fast twitch)

Question 40

Characteristics of type 2a fast twitch fibers are...

Answer 40

Fast contraction speed. Fatigue resistance but not as much a slow twitch. Generate greater power and force Stimulates by large motor neurons at moderate frequency. Some aerobic characteristics eg mitochondria and myoglobin.

Question 41

Type 2b muscle fibers are...

Answer 41

Fast White ATP system Eg sprinter (80% fast twitch)

Question 42

Characteristics of a type 2b twitch fibre include.

Answer 42

Rapid contraction of speed strength and power. High force of contraction High capacity for Anaerobic ATP Fatigue very quickly. Stimulated by large motor neurons at a very high frequency.

Question 43

Type 1 muscle fibers are...

Answer 43

Slow Red Aerobic system Eg endurance cyclist (80% slow twitch)

Question 44

Characteristics of type 1 twitch fibers

Answer 44

Slow contraction speed Low force of contraction High capacity for ATP production Fatigue resistant Rapid contraction for continuous High level of aerobic characteristics eg myoglobin, mitochondria Stimulated by small motor neurons low frequency.

Question 45

Can muscle fibers be changed

Answer 45

No, they're hereditary and can't be changed.