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Anatomy AT 521 > Functional Anatomy of the Hip/Thigh > Flashcards

Functional Anatomy of the Hip/Thigh Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Inominate (pelvic) Bone made up of:

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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2
Q

Acetabulum

A

Lunate
Fossa
Notch

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3
Q

Lunate Surface

A

smooth artiuclar surface

Broadest superiorly

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4
Q

Acetabular Notch

A

Nerve & blood vessels pass through

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5
Q

Labrum: U-shaped cartilage

A

open part of the U is covered by the transverse acetabular ligament

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6
Q

Transverse Acetabular Ligament

A

located in Acetabular fossa

provides attachment for ligament of the head of the femur

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7
Q

Hip jt. Classification

A 
Diarthrodial
Ball & Socket
Multiaxial
Simple
Complex
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8
Q

Angle of inclination: Frontal Plane Alignment

A

formed b/w the femoral neck and shaft of femur
Normal= 125-135
Coxa Valga= >135
Coxa Vara= < 125

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9
Q

Coxa Valga

A

structurally long leg
Neck to shaft angle > 125
Abductors less effective (decreased moment arm)

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10
Q

Coxa Vara

A

structurally short leg
Neck to shaft angle <125
Abductors more effective (increased moment arm)

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11
Q

Transverse Plane Alignment

A

Angle in transverse plane b/w femoral neck and femoral condyles
Normal: 12-15
Normal in children up to 30

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12
Q

Angle of Torsion

A

Reflects amount twist in the bone that occurred during fetal development
Normal: 12-15 (Range 8-30)

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13
Q

Anteversion

A

> 15
Compensatory hip IR
Decrease in hip ER
In-toeing

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14
Q

Retroversion

A

< 8
Compensatory hip ER
Decrease in hip IR
Out-toeing

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15
Q

Zone of Weakness: Trabecular system of the femur

A

superior and lateral neck of femur

Common fracture site

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16
Q

Hip Joint Capsule

A

Fibrous sleeve-like structure covering the synovial membrane

PA: labrum
DA: neck of femur

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17
Q

Hip Joint Capsule Open Packed Position

A

30* flexion, 30* Abduction, Slight ER

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18
Q

Hip Joint Capsule Closed Packed Position

A

1) Ligamentous: extension, IR, and ABD

2) Bony congruency: full flexion, ABD, ER

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19
Q

Osteokinematic Motions of Hip Joint

A 
Flexion: 120
Extension: 30
ABD: 45
ADD: 30
IR: 45
ER: 45
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20
Q

2-joint limiters of Hip ROM

A

Flexion-hamstrings
Extension-Rectus Femoris
ABD-gracilis
ADD- TFL

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21
Q

Hip flexion contributors

A

causes posterior pelvic rotation and extreme may cause lumbar flexion

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22
Q

Hip extension contributors

A

causes anterior pelvic rotation and extreme may cause lumbar extension

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23
Q

Closed Chain Motion

A

Innominate moving on femur

  • Posterior pelvic tilt
  • Anterior pelvic tilt
  • Pelvic rotation (R vs L)
  • Lateral tilt (R vs. L)
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24
Q

Anterior pelvic tilt produces?

A

hip flexion

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25
Posterior pelvic tilt produces?
hip extension
26
Pelvic rotation to Left
Left hip IR | Right hip ER
27
Pelvic rotation to Right
Right hip IR | Left hip ER
28
Lateral pelvic tilt
pelvis elevated on one side, the hip on the elevated side is in adduction and opposite in abduction
29
Arthrokinematic Motions of the Hip Jt
Convex femoral head moving on concave acetabulum during open chain mvmts
30
Arthrokinematic: flexion
anterior roll and posterior glide
31
Arthrokinematic: extension
posterior roll and anterior glide
32
Arthrokinematic: Abduction
superior roll and inferior glide
33
Arthrokinematic: Adduction
inferior roll and superior glide
34
Arthrokinematic: ER
posterior roll and anterior glide
35
Arthrokinematic: IR
anterior roll and posterior glide
36
3 Ligaments that reinforce hip joint capsule anteriorly
Pubofemoral ligament Iliofemoral ligament Ischiofemoral ligament
37
Iliofemoral ligament (Y ligament of bigelow)
PA: iliac portion of the rim of the acetabulum and the AIIS DA: anterior capsule and intertrochanteric line Limits: hip hyperextension and ER. Its superior fibers limit hip ADD **Strongest ligament of hip joint
38
Pubofemoral Ligament
PA: pubic portion of acetabular rim and blends onto inferior hip joint capsule and iliofemoral ligament Limits: hip extension and hip abduction
39
Ischiofemoral Ligament
PA: ischial portion of rim of acetabulum blends onto the posterior capsule DA: intertrochanteric crest and medial aspect of greater trochanter Restricts excessive hip extension; posterior fibers restrict IR; Limits: ADD of the thigh the the hip is flexed
40
Transverse acetabular ligament
provides shock absorption to the hip jt in weight bearing | protects neurovascular supply to head of femur
41
Ligament of head of femur
Slack during most hip mvmts-not a stabilizer Attaches in acetabular notch and fossa, runs to fovea Contains artery that gives blood supply to the head of the femur
42
Bursae of the hip
Iliopectineal bursa ischigluteal bursa greater trochanteric bursa
43
Iliopectineal bursa
b/w iliopsoas and ant. aspect of hip jt
44
Greater trochanteric bursa
b/w glut max and posterolateral aspect of greater trochanter | -compressed during flexion & IR
45
Compartments of the thigh
divided into 3 compartments by the intermuscular septa and fascia lata
46
Anterior Compartment
separated from the posterior compartment by the lateral IMS separated from the medial compartment of the thigh by the medial intermuscular septa Muscular contents
47
Posterior Compartment
Separated from the anterior compartment by the lateral IMS Separated from the medial compartment of the thigh by the fascial plane b.w adductor magnus and the hamstrings Muscular contents
48
Medial Compartment
Separated from anterior compartment by the medial IMS Separated from the posterior compartment fot eh thigh by the fascial plane b/w the adductor magnus and hamstrings Muscular contents
49
Gateways into the lower limb: obturator canal
connects abdominopelvic region with medial thigh | obturator nerve and vessels
50
Gateways into the lower limb: Greater sciatic foramen
Route for passage b/w pelvis and gluteal region Contains: piriformis Superior gluteal n. and vessels above Sciatic n., inf. gluteal n., and vessels, pudendal,
51
Lesser Sciatic Foramen
Connects gluteal region w/perineum
52
Gap b/w the inguinal ligament and pelvic bone
route b/w abdomen and ant. thigh Psoas maj, iliacus, pectineus m, femoral a, v, n lymphatics
53
Femoral Triangle
Superior=inguinal ligament Medial=Adductor longus Lateral=Sartorius Femoral nerve-artery-vein (lateral to medial)
54
Adductor Canal
Subsartorial canal/Hunter's canal -a musculo-fascial canal which descends medially down the thigh and posteriorly through the adductor hiatus to pass posterior into the knee region
55
Borders of Adductor Canal
Posterior wall: superiorly formed by adductor longus; Inferiorly formed by adductor magnus Lateral: vastus medialis Roof: sartorius Contents: femoral artery, vein and saphenous nerve
56
Adductor Hiatus
an opening in the tendon of insertion of the adductor magnus mm
57
Borders of Adductor Hiatus
Medial: portion of the tendon of adductor magnus that attaches to adductor tubercle Lateral: insertion of the adductor magnus into the linea aspera Inferior: femur Contents: femoral artery and vein, which then turns into popliteal artery and vein
58
Muscles of Hip Flexion
``` Psoas Major Iliacus (both together considered iliopsoas muscle) Rectus Femoris Sartorius TFL Psoas Minor-secondary Adductor Longus Pectineus ```
59
Muscles of hip extension
``` Gluteus Maximus Hamstrings -Semitendinosus -Semimembranosus -Biceps Femoris Adductor Magnus ```
60
Muscles of Hip Adduction
``` Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Pectineus Gracilis ```
61
Muscles of Hip ABD
Gluteus Medius/Min/Max TFL Sartorius
62
Muscles of Hip ER
``` Piriformis GOGOQs Post. fibers of Glut med Glut Max Sartorius Biceps femoris ```
63
Muscles of Hip IR
TFL Ant. fibers of glut med Glut min
64
Femoral Nerve
Arises from the dorsal divisions L2-4 | Passes beneath the inguinal lig. into thigh and splits into ant. and post. divisions
65
Sciatic Nerve
Has articular and muscular branches
66
Obturator Nerve
Arises from anterior branches of L2,3,4 primary rami Supplies muscles in medial compartment of thigh and knee joint

Anatomy AT 521 (3 decks)

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