functional anatomy of the human brain

Question 1

why is it important to study neuroanatomy?

Answer 1

gateway to understanding brain functions and disorders

Question 2

knowing which brain structures are affected by disease is essential for..?

Answer 2

diagnosis and treatment of disorders

Question 3

what is the pathway system that causes us to produce an action (stages)?

Answer 3

sensory signal -> neural processing -> motor commands -> action/behaviour

Question 4

when doing an activity or behaviour, is only one part of the brain stimulate or is multiple parts of the brain stimulated?

Answer 4

multiple brain regions are recruited

Question 5

the brain is able to adapt after injury due to?

Answer 5

plasticity

Question 6

if part of one hemisphere is damaged, what can happen?

Answer 6

the opposite hemisphere can take over the lost function

Question 7

in the orientation of the CNS, what are the terms for “in front of”?

Answer 7

anterior or rostal

Question 8

in the orientation of the CNS, what are the terms for “behind”?

Answer 8

posterior or caudal

Question 9

in the orientation of the CNS, what are the terms for “above”?

Answer 9

superior or dorsal

Question 10

in the orientation of the CNS, what are the terms for “below”?

Answer 10

inferior or ventral

Question 11

what are the three possible axis to look at / cut the brain

Answer 11

coronal (frontal), sagittal and horizontal

Question 12

which axis looks more like a bird eye view picture of the brain, eyes top down, brain looks like butterfly wings with each hemisphere side by side?

Answer 12

coronal

Question 13

what axis looks like most typical brain diagram images you see for parts of the brain, ear down?

Answer 13

sagittal

Question 14

what axis has one hemisphere of the brain on top of the other?

Answer 14

horizontal

Question 15

what part of the brain is just above the brain stem?

Answer 15

diencephalon

Question 16

what is the brain stem made up of?

Answer 16

midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 17

what is the brain stem responsible for?

Answer 17

breathing, attention

Question 18

what are the four lobes of the brain?

Answer 18

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Question 19

the sulci of the brain are the?

Answer 19

grooves

Question 20

the gyri of the brain are the?

Answer 20

crests (infolds of grey matter)

Question 21

the precentral gyrus is where what is?

Answer 21

primary motor cortex (movement)

Question 22

the postcentral gyrus is where what is?

Answer 22

primary somatosensory cortex (sensation + feeling)

Question 23

what is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 23

shaping personality, behavioural control, short-term memory, planning (makes us human)

Question 24

what study allowed us to learn the importance of the frontal lobe in shaping personality?

Answer 24

phineas gage

Question 25

phineas gage allowed for neuroscientists to understand what about the functions of the brain?

Answer 25

localization of brain function

Question 26

what is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 26

somatosensation, attention, body awareness

Question 27

what are the two major pathways for visual processing?

Answer 27

dorsal and ventral

Question 28

what visual processing pathway goes through the temporal cortex?

Answer 28

ventral stream

Question 29

what visual processing pathway goes through the parietal cortex?

Answer 29

dorsal stream

Question 30

another name for the dorsal stream that explains what it is in charge of is?

Answer 30

vision for action

Question 31

what happens if there is damage to the dorsal stream?

Answer 31

visuomotor tasks involving tasks linked to object location

Question 32

what is the name for the disorder that describes the difficulty in translating vision into action (dorsal stream)?

Answer 32

optic ataxia

Question 33

there is activation of what part of the brain by attention and action?

Answer 33

posterior parietal cortex

Question 34

another name for the ventral stream that explains what it is in charge of is?

Answer 34

vision for perception

Question 35

what is the name for the disorder that impairs recognition of objects (ventral stream)?

Answer 35

visual form agnosia

Question 36

visual form agnosia means there is damage to what part of the brain?

Answer 36

temporal lobe

Question 37

what is hemineglect?

Answer 37

unawareness that a particular side of a visual field is missing

Question 38

hemineglect results from?

Answer 38

unilateral damage to the parietal lobe

Question 39

in hemineglect, if you have damage to the left parietal lobe, you have neglect of what side of your visual field?

Answer 39

right visual field

Question 40

the temporal lobe is divided into two major brain structures, what are they?

Answer 40

hippocampus and amygdala?

Question 41

what is the hippocampus in charge of?

Answer 41

learning and remembering (memory consolidation), spatial navigation, forming associative (new) memories

Question 42

what is the amygdala in charge of?

Answer 42

emotional expression, associations between emotions and behavioural situations

Question 43

what is a disorder that describes damage to the hippocampus?

Answer 43

anterograde amnesia

Question 44

what is anterograde amnesia?

Answer 44

cannot make new memories

Question 45

what kind of diseases cause the loss of neurons in the hippocampus?

Answer 45

neurodegenerative (alzheimers)