functional anatomy of the leg and foot

Question 1

muscle of the leg- posterior superfical

Answer 1

gastrocnemius- plantarflexion
soleus- plantar flexion ( inversion )
plantarus- plantarflexion
popliteus- medial rotaion of knee

Question 2

gastrocnemius

Answer 2

femoral codyles to the calcaneus via the achelies tendon
medial is larger
plantarflexion

Question 3

soleus

Answer 3

inversion plantarflexion
deep to gastrocnemius
soleal line to calcaneal via acheleis tendon

Question 4

planatarus

Answer 4

lateral condyles to calcaneus
small muscle belly
plantarflexion

Question 5

muscle of the leg posterior deep

Answer 5

flexor hallicus longus- plantarflexion- flexor of big toe
tibialis posterior - plantarflexion and inversion
flexor digitorium longus - plantarflexion and flex digits

tom dick and harry
medial to lateral

Question 6

flexor hallicus longus

Answer 6

goes to the big toe
flexor big toe
plantar flexion

Question 7

tibalis posterior

Answer 7

tibia and fibular
interoseus membrane
plantar flexion and inversion

Question 8

flexor digitorium longus

Answer 8

plantar flexion
flex digits

Question 9

leg muscle lateral

Answer 9

fibularis longus -eversion and plantar flexion
perineus bravis - dorsi flexion and inversion

Question 10

fibularis longus

Answer 10

behind lateal malleoulus to first metartarsal
and eversion and plantar flexion

Question 11

perineus bravis

Answer 11

base of 5th metaratarsal
eversion and plantar flexion

Question 12

leg muscle anterior

Answer 12

tibialis anterior - dorsiflexion and inversion
extensor hallicaus longus - dorsiflexion
prineus tertius- dorsiflexion and eversion

Question 13

retinacula of the foot

Answer 13

over tendons
to hold tendons in place and prevent bow string

extensor retinacula
peroneal
flexor

Question 14

superior extensor retinacula of the foot

Answer 14

bind to tendons of the
TA, EHL, EDL, PT
horizontal above the ankle

Question 15

inferior extensor retinacula of the foot

Answer 15

bind the TA, EHL,EDL,PT
Y SHAPED AND ANTERIOR TO TALOCURAL LIGAMENTS

Question 16

peroneal retinacula of the foot

Answer 16

superior and inferior
ninds down P.L AND P.B behind the lateral malleolous

Question 17

flexor retinacula of the foot

Answer 17

converts bone grooves into cannals for tendons TP FDL FHL
bridges over posterior tibial vessels and nerves

Question 18

synovial sheath

Answer 18

double layer of synovial membrane
sorrounds tendons as pass through retinacula

smmoth tendons
prevent friction

Question 19

muscle of the foot dorsal

Answer 19

extensor digitorium bravis
extensor hallucius bravis

Question 20

muscle of the foot plantar layer 1

Answer 20

flexor digitorium brevis
abductor hallucius
abductor digit minimi

Question 21

muscles of the foot plantar layer 2

Answer 21

flexor digitorium
flexor hallucus longus
flexor accessorius
lumbricals

Question 22

muscle of the foot plantar layer 3

Answer 22

adductor halllucus
flexor digit minni
felxor hallucis bravis

Question 23

muscles of the foot plantar 4th layer

Answer 23

perioneus longus
tibialis posterior
plantar interoseus- 3rd digit adduct
dorsal interossei- 4th digit abduct

Question 24

function of the foot

Answer 24

weight bear
propulsion
shock absorbs

Question 25

Gait 2 parts

Answer 25

step off heel strike

Question 26

step off

Answer 26

1- plantarflexion extends the MTP joint tightens plantar aponeurosis raises medial longnitude arch head of talus moves superiorly subtalar joint supernates and foot becomes rigid as mid tarsal joint is rigid locks and becomes more stable increase ability to poperl and push off

Question 27

heel strike

Answer 27

subtalar joint pronates and mid tarasal joint unlocks and increase flexibility able to shock absorb increas ability to adjust to uneven ground aids change o direction shifiting surfaces

Question 28

foot arches

Answer 28

lateral - relative flat but more rigid medial- higher curve more elastic/ flexible transverse

Question 29

bones in medial foot arch

Answer 29

calcaneus talus navicular cunneforms metartarsals 1,2,3

Question 30

bones is lateral foot arch

Answer 30

calcaneus talus cuboid metartarsals 4,5

Question 31

why no flat foot

Answer 31

because tibia would take greater force arch alllows flexibile and shock absorbe efficent weight bear foot abilit to change on uneven ground efficent propulsion

Question 32

static sructures

Answer 32

are passive support shape of bones and ligaments

Question 33

dynamic support structure

Answer 33

muscular support Medial- FHL, FDL,TP,TA,AH Lateral- PL PB PT TP ADH

Question 34

INVERSION

Answer 34

SOLE POINT IN add supernate plantar flex

Question 35

EVRSION

Answer 35

SOLE POINT OUT abd pronate dorsir

Question 36

digital expansion

Answer 36

tendon spread- via extensor aponeurosis forms connective tissue layer on dorsum allows toes to extend simulatainous inportant in digital sweep takes longest possible pathway to flex flex at MTP JOINT FIRST THEN IP JOINTS KEPT EXTENDED THEN PROXIMAL O DISTAL from interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic foot muscles