Functional anatomy of the upper limb 1

Question 1

Learning outcomes

Answer 1

Describe the movementsof thescapula and humerusand the muscles influencing these movements

Question 2

Movements of shoulder

Answer 2

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
External (lateral) rotation
Internal (medial) rotation
Circumduction

Question 3

Ligaments of the clavicle and scapula

Answer 3

Acromioclavicular– It covers the joint capsule, reinforcing its superior aspect.
Conoid – from the coracoid process to the conoid tubercle.
Trapezoid – from the coracoid process to the trapezoid line.
Collectively, the conoid and trapezoid ligaments are known as the coracoclavicular ligament. It is a very strong structure, effectively suspending the weight of the upper limb from the clavicle.

Question 4

Glenohumeral joint

Answer 4

Joint surfaces- Head of humerus and glenoid fossa (and labrum) of scapula

Type- Synovial ball & socket

Ligaments- Numerous, and act to stabilise the bony structures

Movements

• flexion/extension
• abduction/adduction
• medial rotation/lateral rotation
• circumduction

Question 5

Scapulothoracic ‘joint’

Answer 5

Not a true ‘joint’
Limited articulations and connections
Humeral head (glenohumeral joint), clavicle (acromioclavicular joint)
Aids in high mobility of the upper limb

Elevation, Depression, Abduction, Adduction, Upward rotation and downward rotation of scapulae

Question 6

Shoulder girdle movements

Answer 6

Depression, elevation, retraction, protaction
upwards and downwards rotation

Five muscles are primarily involved in movements of the shoulder girdle:
Trapezius
Rhomboids
Levator scapulae
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor

Question 7

Axioappendicular muscles

Answer 7

Anterior: