Functional Assessments and Self-Management

Question 1

When do we want to reduce behaviour?

Answer 1

When they affect others and the surrounding environment
When the safety of the person engaging in the behaviour or others around is threatened
Hinder the ability of the person to acquire new skills
Lead to restrictive living environments

Question 2

What is a Functional Assessment?

Answer 2

Deciding what behaviours are needing to be reduced and coming up with a treatment plan or intervention

Question 3

What ethical consideration should we make when doing a functional assessment?

Answer 3

Whether the behaviour is identifying them as being neurodiverse rather than problematic/hindering
E.g stimming behaviours

Question 4

What are three ways to think about behaviour?

Answer 4

1. Most behaviours are learned
2. Behaviours can be adaptive or maladaptive
3. Behaviours can be seen as a form of communication with a function

Question 5

What are the two functions of communication that behaviour can serve as?

Answer 5

Positive and negative reinforcement

Question 6

What is social reinforcement?

Answer 6

When the reinforcement operation is delivered by another person

Question 7

What are the 3 types of social positive reinforcement

Answer 7

ATTENTION from another, ACCESS to something, Automatic (mediated by yourself e.g a sensation)

Question 8

What are the 2 types of social negative reinforcement

Answer 8

Escape and Automatic

Question 9

What do we look at to find out the functions of behaviour

Answer 9

The ABCs (Antecedent, Behaviour, Consequence)

Question 10

What two types of factors can affect the ABCs

Answer 10

Environmental and Individual

Question 11

What are some examples of environmental factors that affect antecedents and consequences

Answer 11

Stress [In family members], school/home support, cultural factors

Question 12

What are some individual factors that can affect the ABCs

Answer 12

Sleep, medication, illness, level of ability, trauma

Question 13

What are the 4 steps of a Functional Behavioural Analysis?

Answer 13

1. Interview and observation to identify individual and caregiver factors
2. Observation and analysis of event when it occurs
3. Identifying the function of the behaviour
4. Develop an intervention plan

Question 14

What is the Greg Hanley question?

Answer 14

If I gave you £1-million, how could you get the behaviour to occur

Question 15

What 3 key questions should be asked when observing antecedents?

Answer 15

WHO was around?
WHERE were they?
WHAT was said/What did they hear?

Question 16

What question should be asked when observing behaviour?

Answer 16

What did they do?

Question 17

What questions should be asked when observing consequences?

Answer 17

What did the individual receive immediately after the behaviour?
What did other people do after the behaviour?
What did other people stop doing after the behaviour?

Question 18

What is the limitation of observing behaviour?

Answer 18

It is hard to observe everything because so much is going on

Question 19

Who two strategies are considered when making the Behaviour Management plan?

Answer 19

Proactive strategies and Teaching Alternative Behaviour

Question 20

What are proactive strategies?

Answer 20

Implemented before the behaviour occurs
Either social negative reinforcement or provide choices to the individual

Question 21

What is teaching alternative behaviour strategies?

Answer 21

Implemented just after the behaviour occurs
Social positive reinforcement: teach to request for attention

Question 22

How was alternative behaviour strategies used to help Tom’s self-injurious behaviours

Answer 22

Gave him a communication device (AAC), brought more people in to interact with him unsolicited, taught self-entertaining behaviours

Question 23

Why are behavioural management strategies useful in trauma-informed applications?

Answer 23

Minimizes the need for restraint towards individuals with dangerous behaviour

Question 24

What behavioural strategy should be used in trauma-informed applications?

Answer 24

Offering enhanced choices - individual having their say
Not limited to contexts (hard for children)

Question 25

What 3 reasons might people want to undergo self-management

Answer 25

1. Engage in controlling behaviour to influence future behaviour
2. Establish a behaviour that does not have immediate positive consequences, but future desirable benefits
3. Behaviour benefits or excesses (e.g smoking, running)

Question 26

What are the 6 steps for self-management?

Answer 26

1. Define the behaviour
2. Goal setting
3. Self-monitoring
4. Functional assessment
5. Self-management strategies
6. Evaluate, re-evaluate

Question 27

What makes a good operational definition of behaviour

Answer 27

Clear, concise, measurable, examples if complex behaviour

Question 28

What are two examples of self-monitoring strategies?

Answer 28

A device (smartwatch) or data sheet

Question 29

What 3 things are considered in a functional assessment for self-management

Answer 29

Behavioural deficit, Immediate contingency, delayed negative outcome

Question 30

How do you evaluate your data during a self-management intervention

Answer 30

• Conduct visual analysis of graphed data
• Eval changes in level and trend of data
• Assess if goals/criteria are being met
• Assess variability in the data