Functional Carbon Groups

Question 0

Carbonyl group

Answer 0

O
//
-C Sugars in Keytones
\

Question 1

Hydroxyl group

Answer 1

-OH

Question 2

Carboxyl Group

Answer 2

O
    //
- C              Acid and polar 
    \
     OH

Question 3

Amino group

Answer 3

H
   /
-N     Base
   \
    H

Question 4

Sulfhydryl group

Answer 4

-SH Only group that isn’t hydrophilic

Question 5

Phosphate group

Answer 5

O
       ||
-O -P -O(-)    
       |
      O(-)

Question 6

Methyl group

Answer 6

H
  |
-C-H
  |
 H

Question 7

Amino acids are made up of?

Answer 7

An amino group and a carboxyl group!

Question 8

Osmosis

Answer 8

Water dissuasion, no protein, energy from gradient,

Question 9

Diffusion

Answer 9

High to low, no protein, concentration gradient,

Question 10

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 10

Protein required, high to low, concentration gradient, transports polar molecules, charged molecules.

Question 11

Active transport

Answer 11

Protein, low to high, protein req, builds gradients

Question 12

Exergonic

Answer 12

Releases energy

Question 13

Endergonic

Answer 13

Absorbs energy

Question 14

Cofactors or co-enzyme

Answer 14

Organic molecules that enzymes need for function.

Question 15

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 15

Oxidation of NADH

Phosphorylation of ADP

Question 16

Eukaryotes(animal) make how many ATP in respiration

Answer 16

36

Question 17

Prokaryotes make how many ATP in respiration?

Answer 17

38

Question 18

Cyanide does what

Answer 18

Prevents the flow of electrons through the ETC. High concentration of NADH and low ATP

Question 19

DNP(poison) does what?

Answer 19

Dissipates the proton gradient without ATP synthesis.

Question 20

Rotenone(poison) does what?

Answer 20

Blocks transfer of electrons early on in the chain.

Question 21

Reactants of the Calvin cycle are?

Answer 21

NADPH, ATP, and CO2

Question 22

Glycolysis Net equation

Answer 22

Glucose ➕ 2NAD+ ➕ 2ADP➡️

2 pyruvate ➕ 2NADH ➕2ATP

Question 23

The citric acid cycle net equation

Answer 23

2 pyruvate ➕ 2 ADP ➕8NAD+➕2FAD ➡️

6CO2 ➕2ATP➕ 8NADH➕ 2ATP

Question 24

Electron Transport chain net equation

Answer 24

NADH➕O2➡️NAD+ ➕H2O

Question 25

The Calvin cycle net equation

Answer 25

ATP➕NADPH➕CO2➡️ | ADP ➕NADP+➕Sugar

Question 26

What describes the formation of ATP by the ETC?

Answer 26

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 27

Prophase

Answer 27

Spindle fiber forms, chromosomes condense and become visible, nuclear envelope begins to dissolve

Question 28

Metaphase

Answer 28

Chromosomes align on equator of cell

Question 29

Anaphase

Answer 29

Sister chromatids begin to separate on microtubules

Question 30

Telophase

Answer 30

Two clusters of chromatids begin to uncondense ; nuclear membrane begins to reform; cytokinesis begins

Question 31

Crossing over

Answer 31

Exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes

Question 32

Translocation

Answer 32

Exchange of DNA between non-homologous chromosomes

Question 33

What is an allele

Answer 33

A version of a gene

Question 34

Non disjunction

Answer 34

When chromosomes fail to separate, ex. Down's syndrome or turners syndrome.

Question 35

Incomplete dominance

Answer 35

When the dominate and recessive mix

Question 36

Co dominance

Answer 36

When multiple phenotype are present

Question 37

Pleiotrophy

Answer 37

One phenotype that's manifested in multiple ways | Ex. A genetic disease with multiple symptoms.

Question 38

Epistasis

Answer 38

A gene on one locus can alter that of another. | Ex. Coat color in Labradors.

Question 39

3 nucleotides in tRNA

Answer 39

Anticodon

Question 40

3 nucleotides in an mRNA

Answer 40

Codon

Question 41

Enzyme that attaches in a tRNA to their respective amino acids

Answer 41

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 42

Transcription

Answer 42

DNA is used to produce an RNA copy

Question 43

Translation

Answer 43

mRNA is changed into protein language

Question 44

Replication

Answer 44

DNA is used to make a DNA copy

Question 45

Ribosome is responsible for what process?

Answer 45

Translation

Question 46

which enzyme is responsible for the process of transcription?

Answer 46

RNA POLYMERASE

Question 47

Cromatid

Answer 47

Half of a replicated chromosome

Question 48

Chromatin

Answer 48

Protein/DNA complex in the Nucleus

Question 49

Property of cells that kill themselves if badly damaged

Answer 49

Apostasis

Question 50

The growth of cells until they form a layer, then they stop.

Answer 50

Contact inhibition

Question 51

Colonization of new tumor sites

Answer 51

Mastics

Question 52

Cell division in prokaryotes

Answer 52

Binary fission

Question 53

DNA ligase

Answer 53

Joins Okazaki fragment of lagging strand

Question 54

Enzyme responsible for unwinding DNA

Answer 54

Topoisomerase

Question 55

Helicase

Answer 55

Unzips DNA

Question 56

Change of any amino acid to another amino-acid

Answer 56

Mis-sense mutation

Question 57

Change of codon, but same amino acid.

Answer 57

Silent Mutation

Question 58

Change of any amino acid to a stop code.

Answer 58

Nonsense mutation

Question 59

Adding or deleting a nucleotide

Answer 59

Frame shift mutation

Question 60

DNA sequence containing expressed codons

Answer 60

Exons

Question 61

DNA sequence containing intervening codons.

Answer 61

Introns

Question 62

Covalent bond between monomers in starch

Answer 62

Glycositic linkages

Question 63

Bond between monomers in proteins

Answer 63

Peptide bonds

Question 64

Nucleotide

Answer 64

Monomer in DNA

Question 65

Polymer class to which DNA belongs to

Answer 65

Nucleotide

Question 66

Cytoskeletal fiber that allows movement of vesicles or chromosomes

Answer 66

Microtubules

Question 67

Motor protein

Answer 67

Kinesins

Question 68

Schmooing

Answer 68

Cillia

Question 69

Cell junction that allows animal cells to communicate

Answer 69

Gap junction

Question 70

Cell junction that allows plant cells to communicate

Answer 70

Plasmodemata

Question 71

Water tight cell junctions

Answer 71

Tight junctions

Question 72

Cell junction that permits cytoskeleton do of adjacent cells to be joined

Answer 72

Adhering junctions

Question 73

Organelle associated with human stomach

Answer 73

Lysosomes

Question 74

Ribosome

Answer 74

Caries out protein synthesis

Question 75

Rough ER

Answer 75

Translation and export of extra cellular proteins

Question 76

Smooth ER

Answer 76

Synthesis and breakdown of lipid molecules

Question 77

Golgi body

Answer 77

FedEx, sorts proteins to right place in the cell

Question 78

Mitochondria

Answer 78

Generates ATP for the cell

Question 79

Chloroplast

Answer 79

Site of photosynthesis