functional change

Question 1

What are the main four functions an area can have?

Answer 1

• Administrative: council offices, schools, clinics and hospitals
• Commercial: sport centres, cinemas, accountants and legal services, provides services for people
• Retail: shops, food or malls
• Industrial: factories, warehouses and distribution centres

Question 2

According to the 2011 census how has the demographic changed?

Answer 2

• More younger children compared to older children= adults having younger families but moving out of London for more space and due to high prices
• increasing work population (18-30)= students moving, opportunities and immigration
• middle and older age is narrowing due to people moving out for retirement and people working from home

Question 3

What are the other aspects of demographic characteristics?

Answer 3

• life expectancy is increasing and ageing populations
• ethnic compositions, more varied in some parts but not others
• gentrification

Question 4

What is gentrification?

Answer 4

housing improvement by people rather than organisations, low income groups displaced by more affluent people (professional occupations)

Question 5

BENEFITS- gentrification

Answer 5

• increase range of services and businesses
• increase local tax for local authority
• physical environment improvement
• employment opportunities (design, building)

Question 6

COSTS- gentrification

Answer 6

• low incomes cant afford high house prices
• higher car ownership= congestion
• loss of business traditional local shops
• threat to traditional community, friction between newcomers and original residents

Question 7

What is studentification and why is it a problem?

Answer 7

places for higher education students, students cluster in large towns and cities and are accused for being absent during the holidays and anti social behaviour, government wish to cap house of multiple occupation in order to regenerate

Question 8

Why are areas changing?

Answer 8

• increased accessibility (motorway, train, airport)= new warehouse developments
• connectedness through the internet- transforming retailing and banking
• hatred for clone high streets wish for more traditional and historical patterns
• small industrial/ high tech units setting up in redundant farm buildings (footloose industries)
• planning decisions, enabling and restricting changes

Question 9

How can change be measured?

Answer 9

• land use changes- land use mapping compare to old maps
• employment trends- data from ONS (office for national statistics)
• demographic changes (ONS)
• levels of deprivation