Functional groups Flashcards
what is a cycloalkane
a ring that contains only single bonds
What is a benzene ring / aromatic ring
a cycloalkane that contains three double bonds on every other side (is a cyclohexane ring)
What is a alkyl halide
a alkyl structure that has one of the bonds to a carbon being a halogen
What is an alcohol
a alkyl structure that contains a hydroxide (OH) group connected in place of a hydrogen to the carbon
What is a primary alcohol
when one of the three remaining hydrogens connected to the carbon atom in the alkyl have a different functional group
what is a secondary alcohol
When two of the three remaining hydrogens are replaced with a different functional group connected to the carbon in the alkyl strucutre
What is a tertiary alcohol
When all three remaining hydrogens are replaced with functional groups that are connected to the carbon in the alkyl structure
what is a primary alkyl halide
when one of the other group aside from the halogen is replaces with another functional group
What is a secondary alkyl halide
when two of the remaining groups attached to the carbon are functional groups aside from the halogen
What is a tertiary alkyl halide
when all three remaining groups attached to the carbon other than the halogen are functional groups
what is an ether
when a structure has an oxygen that connects two functional groups on either side of it and the oxygen possesses two sets of lone pairs
what is a cyclic ether
A cycloalkane that contains a oxygen in its structure rather in place of one of the carbons in the ring
What are aldehydes
a structure that contains a carbon that is double bonded to an oxygen and a single bonded hydrogen on the same carbon. the remaining bond is either connected to a different functional group or another hydrogen
what is a ketone
when a carbon is attached to a oxygen through a double bond and the the other two bonds for the carbon that remain connect two different functional groups
What is carboxylic acid
a structure that contains a carbon that has a double bond to an oxygen and has on bond to a hydroxide group and the other bond to a functional group
What is acid chloride
a structure where a carbon has a double bond to an oxygen and on of the other bonds are connected to chlorine and the remaining bond connected to a functional groups
What is an acid anhydride
A structure has a an ester set up, however the functional group connected to the oxygen is a carbon that has a double bonded oxygen as well and a functional group on the final bond
What is an ester
a structure where a carbon is double bonded to an oxygen and has a single bond on to a different oxygen and a functional group on the remaining bond. On the single bonded oxygen there is a functional group
what is an nitrile
a strucutre where a carbon is bonded to three different hydrogens and with the remaining bond it is bonded to a carbon. This second carbon is triple bonded to a nitrogen
What is an amine
A structure where the a nitrogen atoms takes the role of the carbon and has three different groups bonded to it
what is a primary amine
When one of the hydrogens are replaced with a functional group
What is a secondary amine
When two of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen are replaced with a functional group
What is a teritary amine
when all three hydrogens that are bonded to the nitrogen are replaced with different functional gorups
what is a amide
a structure where a carbon is double bonded to an oxygen and one of the remaining bonded are connected to a NH2 atom and the last bond is connected to a functional group
