Functional Groups Flashcards Preview

Chemistry 3 > Functional Groups > Flashcards

Flashcards in Functional Groups Deck (33)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is the functional group of alcohols?

A

-OH.

2
Q

What is the general formula of alcohols?

A

Cn H2n+1 OH

3
Q

What are the first three alcohols?

A

Methanol, ethanol and propanol.

4
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A group of chemicals that react in a similar way because they have the same functional group.

5
Q

What do the first three alcohols burn in air to produce?

A

Carbon dioxide and water.

6
Q

What do the first three alcohols dissolve in water to produce?

A

Neutral solutions.

7
Q

What do the first three alcohols react with sodium to give?

A

Hydrogen and alkoxides.

8
Q

What is the main alcohol in alcoholic drinks?

A

Ethanol.

9
Q

Why are alcohols useful solvents?

A

They can dissolve most compounds that water can, and more.

10
Q

What is the solvent in perfumes and aftershave lotions?

A

Ethanol.

11
Q

What is methylated spirit used for?

A
  1. Cleaning paint brushes

2. Fuel

12
Q

What is ethanol used as a fuel for?

A
  1. Spirit burners (clean, no odour)

2. Car fuel

13
Q

Why is ethanol good as a car fuel?

A
  1. Clean burning, less pollution.
  2. Renewable
  3. Good for countries without oil
14
Q

What functional group do carboxylic acids have?

A

-COOH.

15
Q

What are the first three carboxylic acids?

A

Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid and propanoic acid.

16
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between carboxylic acids and carbonates?

A

Carboxylic acid + Metal carbonate –> Carbon dioxide + Water + Metal carboxylic-anoate

e.g Ethanoic acid + Sodium carbonate –> Carbon dioxide + Water + Sodium ethanoate

17
Q

Why don’t carboxylic acids form strong acidic solutions?

A

They don’t ionise completely, so not many H+ ions are released.

18
Q

What is the strength of an acid dictated by?

A

How well it has ionised in water.

19
Q

How can ethanoic acid be made?

A

By oxidising ethanol.

20
Q

What is the equation for the oxidisation of ethanol?

A

Ethanol + Oxygen –> Ethanoic acid + Water

21
Q

How can ethanoic acid be fermented?

A
  1. Yeast

2. Oxidising agents

22
Q

What can ethanoic acid be used for?

A

Dissolved in water to make vinegar.

23
Q

What can citric acid be used for?

A
  1. Fizzy drinks

2. Removing scale

24
Q

What are carboxylic acids used for?

A
  1. Soaps and detergents (long chain)

2. Preparation of esters

25
Q

Why isn’t ethanoic acid usually chosen as a solvent?

A

It makes the solution acidic.

26
Q

What are esters formed from?

A

An alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

27
Q

What is the equation for the formation of esters?

A

Alcohol + Carboxylic acid –> Ester + Water

28
Q

What kind of catalyst is used in the formation of esters?

A

Acid catalyst e.g concentrated sulfuric acid

29
Q

What property of esters makes them good for what purpose?

A

Esters are volatile so they’re good for perfumes, flavourings and aromas.

30
Q

What are the problems with esters?

A
  1. Flammable
  2. Don’t mix well with water
  3. Inhaling the fumes irritates mucous membranes
  4. Can be toxic
31
Q

What do esters mix with?

A

Alcohols and organic solvents.

32
Q

What are esters used for?

A
  1. Solvents for paint, ink, glue and nail varnish remover
  2. Ointments
  3. Perfumes, flavourings etc.
33
Q

Why can esters result in flash fires?

A

They’re heavier than air and flammable.