Functional Groups

Question 1

How to name alkane molecules?

Answer 1

1. Find the longest chain. (prefix)

2. Add Alkane suffix (-ane)

Question 2

What does saturated mean?

Answer 2

When carbon-carbon bonds are single

Question 3

What does un-saturated mean?

Answer 3

When bonds are removed to form double or triple bonds

Question 4

Are alkanes saturated or in-saturated?

Answer 4

Saturated

Question 5

What is the functional group present in alkenes?

Answer 5

Carbon-carbon double bond.

Question 6

How to name alkene molecules?

Answer 6

1. Determine longest chain (prefix)
2. Find position of the double bond and place in between prefix and suffix
   (-ene)

Question 7

What are the 10 prefixes for the first 10 carbon atoms?

Answer 7

1 = meth-
2= eth-
3=prop-
4=but-
5=pent-
6=hex-
7=hept-
8=oct-
9=non-
10=dec-

Question 8

What is the functional group present in alkynes?

Answer 8

Carbon-carbon triple bond

Question 9

How to name alkyne molecules?

Answer 9

1. Determine longest chain (prefix)

2. Find position of the triple bond and place between prefix and suffix (-yne)

Question 10

Where are halogens found on the periodic table?

Answer 10

To the left of the noble gases

Question 11

What are the common halogens?

Answer 11

Fluorine, bromo, chloro, iodo

Question 12

Functional group of alcohols?

Answer 12

Hydroxyl group (-OH)

Question 13

How to name alcohol molecules?

Answer 13

1. Find longest chain (prefix)
2. Find position of the (-OH)
3. Place (-OH) between prefix and suffix (-anol)

Question 14

What is the difference between alcohol and diol molecules?

Answer 14

The alcohol molecule contains 1 (-OH) group. The diol molecule contains 2 (OH) groups.

Question 15

How to name diol molecules?

Answer 15

1. Find longest chain (prefix)

2. Find positions of the (-OH) groups and place between the prefix and suffix (-diol)

Question 16

What atoms make up a carboxyl group?

Answer 16

(COO-) 1 carbon and 2 oxygen

Question 17

How to name carboxylic acid molecules?

Answer 17

1. Find longest chain (prefix)

2. Add suffix (anoic acid)

Question 18

Why is it not necessary to name the position of the carboxyl group?

Answer 18

It is always on the first carbon.

Question 19

Why does the carboxyl group have acidic properties? (COO-)

Answer 19

The COO- group donates a proton.

Question 20

What atoms make up the amine group?

Answer 20

NH2, NITROGEN AND 2HYDROGEN

Question 21

What is the prefix and suffix used when naming amines?

Answer 21

Prefix = amino
Suffix = amine

Question 22

Why does the amine (NH2) have basic properties?

Answer 22

It accepts protons / H+ atoms

Question 23

What is the name of the functional group in esters?

Answer 23

Hydroxyl group. (-OH)

Question 24

What are the 2 organic compounds that make up esters?

Answer 24

Carboxylic acid & alcohol.

Question 25

How to name an ester molecule?

Answer 25

1. Find longest chain for both carboxylic acid and alcohol sections 2. Use cross teq. 3. Add suffix's Carboxylic acid - (-anoate) Alcohol - (-yl)

Question 26

What is the functional group in acyl chlorides?

Answer 26

-COCL

Question 27

How are acyl chlorides related to carboxylic acids?

Answer 27

Acyl chlorides are derived from carboxylic acids. The -OH section is replaced with -CL

Question 28

How to name acyl chlorides?

Answer 28

1. Find longest chain (prefix) | 2. Add suffix (-Anoyl chloride)

Question 29

What is the functional group in amides?

Answer 29

-CONH2. Amine group

Question 30

How are amides related to carboxylic acids?

Answer 30

Amides are derived from carboxylic acids. The -OH part is replaced with NH2

Question 31

How to name amides?

Answer 31

1. Find longest chain (Prefix) | 2. Add suffix (-Amide)

Question 32

What is the functional group in both keytones and aldehydes?

Answer 32

C=O

Question 33

What is the difference between an aldehyde and a keytone?

Answer 33

The C=O group is positioned differently. Aldehyde = end of molecule, Keytone = Any place on the molecule.

Question 34

How to name a keytone?

Answer 34

1. Find longest chain (prefix) 2. Add suffix (-anone) 3. Add position of the C=O group between the suffix. `

Question 35

How to name an aldehyde?

Answer 35

1. find the longest chain (prefix) | 2. Add suffix (-anal)

Question 36

What are primary haloalkanes?

Answer 36

molecules where the halogen atom is bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to only 1 other carbon atom.

Question 37

What are secondary haloalkanes?

Answer 37

Where the halogen atom is bonded to a carbon which is bonded to only 2 other carbon atoms.

Question 38

What are tertiary haloalkanes?

Answer 38

Where the halogen atom is bonded to a carbon which is bonded to 3 or more other carbon atoms.