Functions of eukaryotic organelles

Question 1

cell surface membrane

Answer 1

controls the exchange of materials between the internal and external environment of cells and is described as partially permeable

Question 2

cell wall

Answer 2

offer structural support which is provided by polysaccharides in cellulose in plants cells and peptidoglycan in most prokaryotic cells

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

• contains chromatin which is the genetic material of the cell
• nuclear envelope (which is the double membrane surrounding the nucleus) contains pores to allow mRNA ad ribosomes to travel to travel out of the nucleus as well as allowing enzymes and signaling molecules to travel in

Question 4

mitochondria

Answer 4

it is the site of aerobic respiration within eukaryotic cells

• the matrix contains enzymes needed for aerobic respiration
• small circular mitochondria DNA and ribosomes are found in the matrix for replication

Question 5

chloroplasts

Answer 5

chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis:
1. light dependent stage takes place in thylakoids
2. light independent stage takes place in the stroma
contains circular DNA and ribosomes used to synthesis proteins for replication and photosynthesis

Question 6

ribosomes

Answer 6

site of translation- protein synthesis

Question 7

RER

Answer 7

processes proteins made by ribosomes

Question 8

SER

Answer 8

involved in production, processing and storage of lipids, carbohydrates and steroids

Question 9

golgi apparatus

Answer 9

modifies proteins and packages them into lysosomes

Question 10

vesicle

Answer 10

membrane bound sac for transport and storage

Question 11

lysosome

Answer 11

contains hydrolytic enzymes

Question 12

centrioles

Answer 12

organise spindle fibres during cell division

Question 13

microtubule

Answer 13

makes up cytoskeleton of cell which provides support and movement of the cells

Question 14

microvilli

Answer 14

increase surface area for absorption

Question 15

cilia

Answer 15

allows movement of substances on the cell surface

Question 16

flagellum

Answer 16

provides cell movement

Question 17

plasmodesmata

Answer 17

connects cytoplasm of adjacent cells

Question 18

whats found in animal cells and not plant cells

and whats found in plant cells and not animal cells

Answer 18

1. centrioles and microvilli

2. large permanent vacuole, cell walls and chloroplast