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Biomechanics - 2330 > Fundamental Concepts > Flashcards

Fundamental Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the SI for metre

A

m

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2
Q

SI for kilogram

A

kg

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3
Q

SI for second

A

s

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4
Q

SI for ampere and what is it

A

A - electric current

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5
Q

SI for Kelvin and used for what

A

K - tempature

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6
Q

SI for mole and what is it

A

mol - amount of substance

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7
Q

SI for candela and what is it

A

cd - light intensity

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8
Q

prefix for 1000

A

kilo

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9
Q

prefix for 1

A

none

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10
Q

prefix for 0.01

A

centi

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11
Q

prefix for 0.001

A

milli

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12
Q

what type of unit and represented by what is length

A

bass
-metre (m)

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13
Q

what type of unit and represented by what is is area

A

derived
-sqaure meter (m2)

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14
Q

what type of unit and represented by what is linear velocity

A

derived
-metre per second (m/s)

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15
Q

what type of unit and represented by what is mass

A

bass
-kilogram (kg)

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16
Q

what type of unit and represented by what is force

A

derived
-newton (N (kg*m/s2)

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17
Q

what type of unit and represented by what is time

A

bass
-second (s)

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18
Q

what type of unit and represented by what is moment of force

A

derived
-newton metre (N*m)

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19
Q

what makes a derived unit

A

2 bass units together

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20
Q

what is the significant digits slide rule

A

limit our answers to 3 significant digits
-unless the first digit is a 1
-then 4 significant digits

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21
Q

what is the menaing behind the significant figures

A

digits that carry meaning contributing to its measurement precision

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22
Q

what are the 5 rules of significant digits

A
  1. all non-zero figures are significant
  2. zeroes between non-zero figures are significant
  3. leading zeroes are never significant
  4. in a number with a decimal point, trailing zeroes are significant
  5. in a number without a decimal point, trailing zeroes are not significant
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23
Q

what are the 3 bass units of measure and why

A

space, mass, time
-form foundation upon which other mechanical dimensions can be derived
-quantities are assumed to be independent

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24
Q

volume is measured in what 2 ways

A

m3
or
L(1m3=1000L)

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25
any position in space can be defined by what 3 things
3 coordinates representing 3 lengths along 3 axes (x, y, and z)
26
mass determines what 2 things of an object
-strength of its mutual gravitational attraction to other bodies -resistance to acceleration by a force (linear - mass, and rotational - moment of inertia) -mass-energy content of a system
27
what is inertia
reluctance of a body to changes in motion
28
what is the field of anthropometry
measurement of human body mass and its distribution -dimensions such as height, wieght, segment legnth, body density
29
what is body segment parameters
sub-area of anthropometry -segment mass, location of the segment centre of mass, segment moment of intertia
30
in newtonian mechanics, what is time assumed to be
a constant, independent of speed or location
31
what are the 4 fundamental quanitties of biomechanics
space mass time force
32
how to define force
something that will change the velocity and acceleration of an object, depending on its mass (unless another force of equal or opposite then they will compete with each other) -PUSH OR PULL
33
what is gravitational forces
gravitational attraction between the earth and bodies nearby (object with a mass attracts another object with mass)
34
what is frictional force
ressits motion when surface of one object comes in contact with surface of another
35
what is tensile force
force that tends to pull objects apart
36
what is compressive force
tends to squeeze the object
37
what is normal force
force that surfaces exert to prevent solid objects from passing through each other -perpendicular to force and tangential force
38
what is applied force
froce that is applied to an obect by a person or another object
39
idea behind spring force in realtion to the human body
store and return energy and movement in our tissues
40
what is the idea of the unit of force newton (N)
required force to accelerate 1kg of mass at a rate of 1m/s2
41
what are orthogonal axes
perpendicular (right angles)
42
what is frame of reference
system of 3 orthogonal axes, that permit measurement of position and orientation (angle) of a body in space
43
what are the 2 types of frames of reference
anatomical (cardinal, relative) newtonian (absolute)
44
what does the anatomical frame of reference define and helps what
defines: -position and orientation relative to the body -reference frame is located within and moves with the body helps: -intuitive describption of position/orientation
45
what does the newtonian frame of reference define and it helps with what
defines: -positions and orientations in absolute terms -relative to a fixed origin (usually the ground) helps: -calculations of position/orientation
46
what anatomical frame of reference defines movement in the saggital plane
mediolateral axis
47
what anatomical frame of reference defines movement in the transverse plane
vertical axis
48
what anatomical frame of reference defines movement in the frontal plane
anteroposterior axis
49
what is centre of mass
point in space where the mass of the bodies particles are concentrated in -point at which a body can be balanced
50
what are 2 important thigns to know about an object and bodies centre of mass that may not be obvious
-not necessarily at the centre of an object -can lie outside of the body
51
when does the centre of mass move
when segments of body are moved
52
what are 6 factors that affect the location of the whole-body centre of mass
age sex body mass distribution external loads amputation atrophy
53
explain the right hand thumb rule
if current carrying conductor is imagined to be held in your right hand such that the thumb points along the direction of current then the direction of the wrapped fingers will give the direction of magnetic field lines (fingers wrapped towards up=positive, down=negative)
54
what is a scalar
quantity that has a magnitude and possibly a sense (+ or -)
55
what is a vector
a quantity that has a magnitude, sense, and orientation -obey the laws of vector addition
56
what is the parallelogram law for vector addition
can add up vectors in any order as long as the they are tip to tale (touch back end and tip of vectors)
57
in the vector addition law, being able to add them in ay order demonstrates what property
commutative
58
in the vector addition law, being able to add 3 or more vectors in any order demonstrates what property
associative
59
what are the components wee need to use vector addition
2 sides of the triangle that are consistent with our x and y axes
60
what are the 2 ways to represent a vector in space
rectangular (cartesian) coordinates polar coordinates
61
how does the rectangular coordinates work and it helps with what
WORKS -reports x and y coordinates of a point (P) in space, relative to origin (0,0) -P=(x,y) HELPS -easier for calculations
62
how does the polar coordinates work and it helps with what
WORKS -reposrts a distance (r) from an origin (0,0) and its angle with respect ot the right horizontal (positive x-axis) -P=(r,0) HELPS -more intuitive
63

Biomechanics - 2330 (6 decks)

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