Intro

Question 1

definition of biomechanics

Answer 1

science that examines forces acting upon and within a biological structure and the effects produced by such forces
-predictions of these results

Question 2

how did biomechanics become a thing

Answer 2

to be able to answer certain questions
-burrowed aspects from other disciplines

Question 3

what 6 disciplines did biomechanics have a give and take relationship when it comes to info.

Answer 3

-kinesiology
-natural sciences
-mathematics
-medicine
-engineering
-health sciences

Question 4

what is rigid body mechanics and what does this help

Answer 4

branch of biomech
-assume that an object cannot be deformed, stretched, or compressed.
-all particles have fixed positons relative to each other
-allows us to use newtons laws easily and makes the math easier

Question 5

what are the 4 branches of rigid body mechanics

Answer 5

statics
dynamics
kinematics
kinetics

Question 6

what is statics mechanics

Answer 6

branch from rigid body movement concerned with bodies at rest or in constant linear motion
-no acceleration or unbalanced forces

Question 7

what is dynamic mechanics

Answer 7

branched from rigid body movement concerns bodies in motion, with non-zero acceleration
-acted upon by unbalanced forces

Question 8

what is kinematics

Answer 8

branch of dynamics
-movement of human body parts in space without thinking of forces that cause it
-descriptive

Question 9

what is kinetics

Answer 9

branch of dynamics
-concerned with causes of motion and action of forces

Question 10

how do humans produce movement

Answer 10

muscle force causes motion

Question 11

give brief idea of inverse dynamics

Answer 11

measures motion to predict muscle forces during movement
-uses size of body and can estimate muscle group forces

Question 12

what 2 foundations of biomechanics emerged initially and concurrently

Answer 12

mechanical and biological foundations

Question 13

what foundation of biochem emerged subsequentyl

Answer 13

quantitative

Question 14

what foundation of biomech did aristotle contribute to and what was it

Answer 14

mechanical foundations
-all that is moved be moved by something else

Question 16

what is an early iteration of newtons 3rd law and who said this

Answer 16

aristotle
-for just as the pusher pushes, so the pusher is pushed (originally traced back to god)
-explanation of ground reaction force

Question 17

isaac newton contributed to which foundation of biomech

Answer 17

mechanical

Question 18

what is the 1st law of newton

Answer 18

Law of inertia
-object at rest or constant linear motion will stay still unless a force acts upon it that changes its volocity

Question 19

what is the 2nd law of newton

Answer 19

Law of acceleration due to external force
-force applied to 2 objects of diff. mass, the heavier one wont go as quickly

Question 20

what is the 3rd law of newton

Answer 20

Law of action and reaction
-if you push something it will push back on you with equal or heavier force (every action in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction)

Question 21

what branch of biomech does not apply to the 3rd law of newton

Answer 21

rigid body mechanics

Question 22

what is the 4th law of newton

Answer 22

Universal law of gravitation
-theoretical framework for mechanical analysis

Question 23

what foundation of biomech did Da Vinci contribute to and how

Answer 23

biological
-depicted origin, insertion and mechanical action of muscles
-geomtetrical analysis of human body (vitruvian man)

Question 24

what foundation did Giovanni Borelli contribute to in biomech and how

Answer 24

biological
-integration of physiology and physical science
-more complex movements
-muscle pennation angle and muscle function

Question 25

what is muscle pennation angle

Answer 25

orientation of muscle fibers in a muscle

Question 26

what foundation of biomech did etienne jules marey contribute to and how

Answer 26

quantitative -transformed study of locomation from observational science to quantification (experiments) -fusil photographic: methods to record high speed motion

Question 27

what foundation of biomech did muybridge contribute to and how

Answer 27

quantitative -bullet time photography (helped understand how horses really run)

Question 28

muybridge findings were influenced by who

Answer 28

marey -considered more artistic than scientific

Question 29

what foundation of biomech did braune and fischer contribute to and how

Answer 29

quantitative -first 3-dimensional kinematic analysis of gait -understand how humans move through space while walking

Question 30

what foundation of biomech did elftman contribute to and how

Answer 30

quantitative -developed force platform technology -developed inverse dynamics, mechanical energy, and power analyses of human motions

Question 31

what is the idea behind inverse dynamics, mechanical energy, and power analyses of human motions

Answer 31

muscles act to regulate energy exchange via transmission, absorption, generation and dissipation

Question 32

what benefit is gained from studying sport biomechanics

Answer 32

improve performance

Question 33

what benefit is gained from studying ergonomics

Answer 33

prevent injury

Question 34

what benefit is gained from studying injury biomechanics

Answer 34

prevent injury

Question 35

what benefit is gained from studying clinical biomechanics

Answer 35

improve healthcare

Question 36

what benefit is gained from studying prosthetic engineering

Answer 36

improve healthcare

Question 37

what benefit is gained from studying product design

Answer 37

$$$/reduce injury potential

Question 38

what benefit is gained from studying forensic biomechanics

Answer 38

understand injury; civil and criminal law

Question 39

in high jump, which is better and why, the scissor jump or flosbury flob and why

Answer 39

Flosbury flob -center of mass passes under the bar instead of over (scissor jump), allowing to use less energy to jump higher because dont need to raise the center of mass as high

Question 40

what is the NIOSH lifting equation for

Answer 40

tool to calculate the overall risk of low-back disorders in occupations with repeated lifintg -how heavy, how long, and how often one can lift

Question 41

what is ergonomics

Answer 41

study of people in their working environment

Question 42

in the office chair design, what is the best position to sit in to reduce injruy risk and why

Answer 42

large backrest angle (leaning back) -reduces force on spine

Question 43

what is orthopaedic biomechanics

Answer 43

prevention, diagnosis and treatment of injuries of the muscular system

Question 44

what is the SACH foot and what does it do

Answer 44

Solid Ankle Cushion Heel -increases stability and comfort when walking

Question 45

what is the flex foot

Answer 45

prostethic for those who have limited or no range of movement in their ankles -used for running -light weight and energy storage -causes a lot of pain

Question 46

what is forensic biomechanics and who does it work

Answer 46

application of biomechanical knowledge to answer questions of civil and criminal law -works backward from medical records to determine the cause of the injruy