Fundamental concepts of pharmacology and terminology

Question 1

What is the study of structure

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

What is the study of function

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

What is the study of disease processes

Answer 3

Pathophysiology

Question 4

What is the study of drugs

Answer 4

Pharmacology

Question 5

What is the Australian drug authority called

Answer 5

TGA - Therapeutic Goods Administration

Question 6

What are characteristics of “ideal drugs”?

Answer 6

Easily administered (orally), fully absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, rapid onset, no adverse reactions, inexpensive.

Question 7

What drug schedule is S2

Answer 7

Pharmacy medications
-Can be sold without a prescription but are kept behind the pharmacy counter

Question 8

What drug schedule is S3

Answer 8

Pharmacist only medications
-Medicines that require the supervision or advice of a pharmacist for safe and appropriate use. They are available without a prescription

Question 9

What drug schedule is S4

Answer 9

Prescription only medicine
-Medicines that can only be supplied with a prescription from a qualified healthcare professional,

Question 10

What drug schedule is S8

Answer 10

Controlled drugs
-Medicines with a high potential for abuse or dependence.

Question 11

What drug schedule is S9

Answer 11

Prohibited substances
-Substances that are prohibited for general use and distribution due to their potential for harm or misuse.

Question 12

What is pharmacodynamics

Answer 12

What a drug does to the body

Question 13

What is pharmaokinetics

Answer 13

what the body does to the drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.

Question 14

Define antagonist- blocker

Answer 14

A substance that binds to a receptor but prevents any action in the cells, acting as a blocker or blocking drug.

Question 15

Define angonist

Answer 15

A substance that binds to a receptor and causes a corresponding effect in the cell, similar to the body’s own neurotransmitter or hormone that binds with that cell.

Question 16

What does ADME stand for

Answer 16

DME stands for Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

Question 17

What is drug absorption?

Answer 17

The process of a drug entering the bloodstream from administration - oral ingestion, injection, or topical application.
Substances are then absorbed into blood vessels that directly go to the hepatic portal vein and then to the liver, where drugs are metabolized.

Question 18

APINCHS stands for

Answer 18

-Antimicrobials
-Potassium and other lectrolytes
-Insulin
-Narcotics (opiods) and sedatives
-Chemotherapeutic agents
-Heparin and other anticoagulants
-Systems

Question 19

What is drug metabliosm and where does is happen

Answer 19

the process of chemically changing a drug within the body. This typically occurs in the liver, where enzymes metabolize the drug into more water-soluble compounds that are easier for the body to excrete.

Question 20

How is a drug primarily removed from the body? (or metabolised)

Answer 20

Removed from the body through the kidneys in urine or through the liver via bile and feces.

Question 21

Therapeutic range

Answer 21

Half life - The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream to decrease by half.

Question 22

Process of metabolism

Answer 22

-Small intestine
-Portal vein
-Liver
-Systemic circulation

Question 23

How does aging affect pharmacokinetics?

Answer 23

Can slow absorption, increasing body fat and volume for distribution, decreasing liver enzyme activity, and reducing renal blood flow and secretion.

Question 24

How does pregnancy affect pharmacokinetics?

Answer 24

Can alter absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs due to changes in blood volume, body fat, metabolism, renal function, and placental barrier